Femoral nerve block: a novel psoas compartment lateral pre-iliac approach in dogs

Stress-related biomarkers in dogs administered regional anaesthesia or fentanyl for analgesia during stifle surgery

“…Dogs in group PNB were positioned in lateral recumbency with the surgical limb uppermost and the skin over the lumbosacral region was aseptically prepared. The femoral and sciatic nerves were blocked with lateral pre-iliac and parasacral approaches, respectively (Portela et al 2010(Portela et al , 2013 using unipolar insulated needles (Stimuplex; B Braun Melsungen AG, Germany) connected to a nerve stimulator (Stimuplex HNS12; B Braun Melsungen AG). When the appropriate muscular response was observed with 0.3-0.5 mA, 0.15 mL kg À1 of 0.5% bupivacaine (5 mg mL À1 , Bupisolver; Pierrel Farmaceutica SpA, Italy) was injected at both the femoral and sciatic nerve sites.…”

“…Peripheral nerve blocks (PNB) and spinal anaesthesia are techniques that reliably provide effective regional anaesthesia and analgesia during pelvic limb surgical procedures in dogs (Campoy et al 2012;Sarotti et al 2012;Portela et al 2013;Vettorato et al 2013).…”

Peripheral nerve stimulation under ultrasonographic control to determine the needle‐to‐nerve relationship

“…; Portela et al. ). With the introduction of ultrasound in the field of regional anaesthesia, it is now possible to observe in real time the relationship between the needle tip and the nerve, as well as the surrounding anatomical structures and local anaesthetic distribution (Campoy et al.…”

A description of a technique for ultrasound-guided lumbar plexus catheter in dogs: cadaveric study

“…In veterinary anaesthesia, the lumbar plexus block has been described using different approaches with either electrolocation (Campoy ; Portela et al. ) or ultrasound (US)‐guided techniques (Echeverry et al. ; Graff et al.…”

“…In veterinary anaesthesia, the lumbar plexus block has been described using different approaches with either electrolocation (Campoy 2008;Portela et al 2013) or ultrasound (US)-guided techniques (Echeverry et al 2012;Graff et al 2015). All of these studies describe a 'single injection technique' to provide perioperative analgesia, the duration of which will depend on the local anaesthetic used.…”