« Femme au volant… » : effet de la menace du stéréotype et de la colère sur les performances des femmes à une tâche liée à la conduite automobile

Chateignier, Cindy; Chekroun, Peggy; Nugier, Armelle; Dutrévis, Marion

doi:10.4074/s0003503311004039

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Results indicate that each section of the questionnaire (i.e., male and female drivers) is organized in the hypothesized four-factor structure: risk avoidance, driving skills, compliance with traffic rules, and courtesy behind the wheel. These results are in line with previous studies which have shown that these four dimensions differentiate stereotypes on male and female drivers (Berger, 1986;Chateignier et al, 2011;Degraeve et al, 2014;Félonneau & Becker, 2011;Granié & Papafava, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Sex and Age Differences in the Endorsement of Sex Stereotypes Associated with Driving

et al. 2015

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Sex and age differences are particularly pronounced in car accidents. Current psychological research is exploring the relationship between risky driving and compliance with sex stereotypes, notably conformity with social expectations concerning masculinity. Some studies have already shown that sex stereotypes associated with driving (SSAD) may influence driving behaviors. The aim of this research was to explore the participants' sex and age differences in SSAD endorsement. A questionnaire was developed and validated on four dimensions of SSAD: male's driving skills and female's compliance with traffic rules, courtesy behind the wheel, and risk avoidance in driving. SSAD endorsement was measured for 291 licensed drivers from 18 to 64 years of age. Results revealed that females endorsed the female's risk avoidance stereotype more (p < .05), whereas males endorsed the male drivers (driving skills) stereotype more (p < .05). Results also revealed that the endorsement of male's driving skills decreases with age (p < .01) and the endorsement of female's courtesy increases with age among all participants (p = .01), while the endorsement of female's compliance with traffic rules increases with age only among female participants (p < .05). The results are discussed in terms of in-group/out-group relations and sex and age differences.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Sex and Age Differences in the Endorsement of Sex Stereotypes Associated with Driving

et al. 2015

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“…While there was no significant difference regarding the easy items, older drivers under stereotype threat had a lower success rate in dealing with hard items than had their control counterparts, suggesting that part of their working memory resources was dedicated to managing the stereotype threat and, as our data tend to suggest, to contradict it (see also [24]). Thus, in line with the process model of stereotype threat [36], we observed that stereotype threat taxed working memory resources [37], although more research is needed to ascertain which concrete pathways (e.g., particular emotional settings, such as anger [61] or anxiety [27], including their suppression, [50]) led to this effect. As [36] puts it, whether the first reaction to stereotype threat consists of a physiological stress response, of self-relevant performance monitoring or of negative thoughts and their suppression, the core cognitive component that is commonly impacted is the working memory, and this also was the case in our study in our older drivers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Enhancing Older Drivers’ Safety: On Effects Induced by Stereotype Threat to Older Adults’ Driving Performance, Working Memory and Self-Regulation

et al. 2016

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In a study concerned with driving behaviors of older drivers (mean age 70 years) in a driving simulator, our findings indicate that telling older drivers that they are more at risk of accidents because of their age and their driving performance-related decline (i.e., exposing them to a stereotype threat concerning older drivers) severely impairs their self-regulatory skills. Moreover, our results show that this is at least partly due to exhaustion of the executive resources (older drivers under stereotype threat tended to contradict the stereotype of being slow by driving faster), appearing also through working memory overload (older drivers under stereotype threat performed markedly less well in a modular arithmetic task than drivers in the control condition). We thus complete the existing evidence that older drivers’ performance may be affected by socially-grounded factors, suggesting that simply being investigated may be enough to tax many capabilities in older people. We also propose that stereotype threat might be at least a partial explanation for why older drivers sometimes have poorer self-regulation performances after attending rehabilitation programs designed to make older drivers safer ones.

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“…More specifically, the differentiated beliefs about the driving abilities of men and women could have direct implications on men and women behaviors and may cause effect of stereotype threat on women drivers. Previous studies (Chateignier et al, 2011;Félonneau & Becker, 2011;Yeung & von Hippel, 2008) thus provide evidence that risk-taking is under the influence of gender identity, specifically the mobilization of individuals belonging to a social sex group and of behaviors allowing the individual to demonstrate this social identity. These beliefs could explain why, even before they start driving, the boys have riskier attitudes than girls in terms of speed and not wearing a seatbelt (Harré et al, 1996;Mann & Lansdown, 2009) and why girls' and boys' attitudes toward driver training differ, with boys feeling more competent as driver than girls, even before they start learning to drive (Nyberg & Gregersen, 2007;Wiberg, 2006).…”

Section: Practical Consequences From a Traffic Perspectivementioning

confidence: 96%

“…In the framework of the stereotype threat phenomenon (Steele & Aronson, 1995), these stereotypes provide the foundation for strong inductive inferences, which can have significant cognitive and behavioral consequences, and particularly for the driving activity. Studies thus showed that negative beliefs associated with female drivers could lead to an impairment of their driving performances (Chateignier, Chekroun, Nugier, & Dutrévis, 2011;Félonneau & Becker, 2011;Yeung & von Hippel, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social representations associated with men and women drivers among French adolescents and adults. Effects of the perceiver’s age, sex, and socioeconomic status

Degraeve

Granié

Pravossoudovitch

et al. 2015

Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviou

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The aim of this study was to investigate the specific contents of the social representations (SR) associated with men and women drivers and to examine the effects of the social insertions of individuals (i.e., age, sex and socioeconomic status) on the content and the structure of these SR. A preliminary study with 414 French participants identified thematic content associated with men and women drivers through the method of verbal associations. Based on these themes, 833 French participants, equally distributed on the basis of age group (from 12 to 50 years-old and over), sex and socioeconomic status (SES), were asked to answer a questionnaire on men (N = 422) or women (N = 411) drivers. The results show that these SR are each organized around three factors: incompetence, prudence and lack of selfcontrol for women drivers; carelessness, skills and self-control for men drivers. In-group 2 favoritism bias can be noted as male participants, more than female ones, rated men drivers as having self-control and women drivers as lacking self-control, whereas female participants, more than male ones, perceived men drivers as careless and women drivers as prudent. Despite this phenomenon, in all age groups, male respondents, more than female ones, seem to believe that women are not competent for driving, whereas both sexes seem to agree on men good driving skills. Among most age groups, three characteristics associated with man drivers (confidence, fastness and pleasure of driving) and four characteristics associated with female drivers (caution, civility, compliance with rules and vigilance) emerge as central in the SR. The SR associated with men drivers seem to be stable and shared across age groups, whereas the SR associated with women drivers appear more mixed, heterogeneous and unstable with age. Participants with higher SES consider female drivers as more incompetent, more nervous and less cautious than participants with lower SES and female's responses tend be closer to those provided by the male group when they are higher SES.

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« Femme au volant… » : effet de la menace du stéréotype et de la colère sur les performances des femmes à une tâche liée à la conduite automobile

Cited by 8 publications

References 68 publications

Sex and Age Differences in the Endorsement of Sex Stereotypes Associated with Driving

Sex and Age Differences in the Endorsement of Sex Stereotypes Associated with Driving

Enhancing Older Drivers’ Safety: On Effects Induced by Stereotype Threat to Older Adults’ Driving Performance, Working Memory and Self-Regulation

Social representations associated with men and women drivers among French adolescents and adults. Effects of the perceiver’s age, sex, and socioeconomic status

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