“…Research suggests that females have very specific needs including self-esteem, relationships, and trauma that must be addressed for positive change to occur. As a result, clinicians, researchers, and numerous national organizations agree that holistic, gender-specific, trauma-based programs are needed (e.g., Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; Alemagno, 2001;Bloom, Owen, & Covington, 2003;James & Glaze, 2006;Mahoney & Daniel, 2006;Marcus-Mendoza, 2010;Van Wormer & Kaplan, 2006). Specifically, in their 2010 report, the Girls Study Group notes that there is an urgent need for trauma-based intervention services that address self-esteem and peer influences among female offenders (Zahn et al, 2010).…”