Feminism as a polarizing axis of the political conversation on Twitter: the case of #IreneMonteroDimision

Abstract

The fragmentation of the Spanish party system has led to a growing political polarization, particularly evident on the Internet. The discursive strategies of political actors online, combined with the particularities of communication on social media platforms such as the disinhibition effect, echo chambers, and filter bubbles, are likely to promote a state of tension among digital citizens. This tension is particularly pronounced in gender issues, which have become key positions of political parties, with convergence of sexism in the community and a highly reactive misogynistic online culture that turns female politicians into easy targets. Starting from the hashtag #IreneMonteroDimision, which conveys a paradigmatic criticism movement against the Spanish Minister of Equality, an analysis of the social conversation on Twitter is developed to determine its intentionality, tone, and orientation, as well as the themes and users that generated the most tension. In this way, multimodal content and discourse analysis is applied to the 418 tweets with the greatest interaction and explicitly directed at the minister. The hypothesis is that the criticism of Irene Montero goes beyond the management of her Ministry to place her at the center of a power struggle in which political ideology, hate speech, and antifeminism converge. The study has shown that attacks on Montero extend to the Executive and the feminist movement; they are promoted by a mass of politicized and polarized profiles, with constant activism and a tendency towards contagious replication of messages. These practices, as well as the participation of artificial profiles, allow us to appreciate signs of astroturfing; behind this seemingly natural critical reaction, there are orchestrated movements of antifeminist and far-right profiles (gender trolling), but also of trans-exclusionary feminists opposed to legislation promoted by Montero.

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“…Esta fragmentación ha potenciado la polarización ideológica de la ciudadanía (Gidron et al, 2020;García-Escribano et al, 2021), y al mismo tiempo ha forzado el posicionamiento de los partidos en torno a temas de interés, entre los que destacan las cuestiones vinculadas al género y a la igualdad (García-Escribano et al, 2021). Las redes sociales, dirigidas mayoritariamente a una audiencia joven, también han reflejado esta situación, y algunas investigaciones (Durántez-Stolle et al, 2023;Peña-Fernández et al, 2023) afirman que el feminismo se ha convertido en un tema destacado, a la vez que polarizador de la conversación política.…”