Females With ADHD Report More Severe Symptoms Than Males on the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale

Vildalen, Victoria U.; Brevik, Erlend Joramo; Haavik, Jan; Lundervold, Astri J.

doi:10.1177/1087054716659362

Cited by 29 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…The total ASRS‐v1.1 Symptom Checklist score estimated in this study suggests that the overall level of ADHD symptoms in the US general adult population (most of whom do not have ADHD) is quite low. Results were consistent with prior research that showed higher ADHD symptom severity among younger and female adults . The normative data generated for the ASRS‐v1.1 Symptom Checklist in this study can be used to assess the deviance of individual scores in clinical settings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Results were consistent with prior research that showed higher ADHD symptom severity among younger and female adults. 15,16 The normative data generated for the ASRS-v1.1 Symptom Checklist in this study can be used to assess the deviance of individual scores in clinical settings. By placing scores in the appropriate demographic context, the results of this study help guide clinicians in understanding a patient's symptom profile and symptom burden, based on his/her ASRS-v1.1 Symptom Checklist score.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Establishing US norms for the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1) and characterising symptom burden among adults with self-reported ADHD

et al. 2018

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Summary Aims To estimate Adult ADHD Self‐Report Scale ( ASRS ‐v1.1) Symptom Checklist normative total scores among the US adult general population and to evaluate overall attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) symptom burden among US adults with ADHD . Methods Prior 2012 and 2013 US National Health and Wellness Survey respondents were re‐contacted. Demographics, comorbidities, and ASRS ‐v1.1 data were collected. ASRS ‐v1.1 scores were compared by sex, age, ADHD diagnosis, and ADHD medication use. Group differences were evaluated using chi‐square tests and independent samples t‐ tests for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Results Of 22 397 respondents, 465 self‐reported being diagnosed with ADHD by a physician; of these, 174 self‐reported using ADHD medication. The mean ASRS ‐v1.1 total score was 2.0 ( SD = 3.2); scores differed by age and sex (all, P < 0.001). ADHD (vs no ADHD ) was associated with depression (58.1% vs 18.0%), anxiety (53.1% vs 16.0%), and sleep difficulties (37.0% vs 14.0%) (all, P < 0.001). ADHD medication use (vs no use) was associated with depression (68.4% vs 51.9%), anxiety (67.2% vs 44.7%), panic disorder (25.9% vs 17.2%), and insomnia (27.6% vs 19.6%) (all, P < 0.05). ADHD (vs no ADHD ) respondents scored higher on all 18 ASRS ‐v1.1 items (all, P < 0.05). Medication users (vs non‐users) scored higher on six items (all, P < 0.05). Discussion Adult ADHD may be undertreated or sub‐optimally treated, despite a high symptom burden. Normative data will allow comparisons with individuals’ scores to support the assessment of ADHD symptom burden among adults. Conclusion Findings highlight the importance of assessing ADHD symptom burden, especially among adults presenting with comorbidities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing US norms for the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1) and characterising symptom burden among adults with self-reported ADHD

et al. 2018

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“…Previous investigations have failed to show these gender differences in psychiatric comorbidities, and none have evaluated interactions on an additive scale. Women with ADHD have been shown to report more symptoms and impairments resulting from their condition than men, thus possibly predisposing them to a higher level of psychiatric comorbidity . Our results show that there is a relatively higher increase in prevalence of most psychiatric comorbidities associated with ADHD in women with ADHD fitting this.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

“…It is also known that women with ADHD are more frequently diagnosed with the inattentive subtype, as defined in DSM‐IV/DSM‐5 , with more internalizing comorbid disorders such as depression and anxiety. Women also report more impairment than men , and a study based on self‐reports among adults showed that women with ADHD, more often than men, reported a history of treatment for other psychiatric disorders than ADHD . The combined subtype, with more externalizing symptoms, is more frequent in men .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in psychiatric comorbidity: a population‐based study of 40 000 adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Solberg

Halmøy

Engeland

et al. 2017

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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ObjectiveWe aimed at determining whether gender modified associations between ADHD and psychiatric comorbidities in adults.MethodWe identified adults with ADHD by linking Norwegian national registries and compared them with the remaining adult population (born 1967–1997, ADHD and bipolar during 2004–2015, other psychiatric disorders 2008–2015). Prevalence differences (PDs) and prevalence ratios (PRs) of psychiatric disorders were determined by Poisson regression. Interaction by gender was evaluated on additive (PDs) and multiplicative (PRs) scales. Proportions of psychiatric disorders attributable to ADHD were calculated.ResultsWe identified 40 103 adults with ADHD (44% women) and 1 661 103 adults (49% women) in the remaining population. PDs associated with ADHD were significantly larger in women than in men for anxiety, depression, bipolar and personality disorders, for example depression in women: 24.4 (95% CI, 23.8–24.9) vs. in men: 13.1 (12.8–13.4). PDs were significantly larger in men for schizophrenia and substance use disorder (SUD), for example SUD in men: 23.0 (22.5–23.5) vs. in women: 13.7 (13.3–14.0). Between 5.6 and 16.5% of psychiatric disorders in the population were attributable to ADHD.ConclusionThe association between ADHD and psychiatric comorbidities differed significantly among men and women. Clinicians treating adults with ADHD should be aware of these frequent and gender‐specific comorbidities, such that early treatment can be offered.

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“…The higher prevalence rates of AUD and DUD in men compared to women are in accordance with gender differences in the general population (34,35,36,37). In line with others we find that women reported higher levels of hyperactivity-impulsivity (46) and ED (47) compared with men. This is still consistent with our findings that hyperactivity-impulsivity and ED in both women and men are associated with DUD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Alcohol and drug use disorders among adults with ADHD: Prevalence and associations with ADHD symptom severity and emotional dysregulation.

Anker¹,

Haavik²,

Heir³

2019

Preprint

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Background High risk of substance use disorders (SUD) in people with ADHD calls for exploratory research. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and drug use disorder (DUD) in a clinical sample of adults with ADHD, and to examine their association with ADHD symptom severity and emotional dysregulation (ED).Methods The study sample consisted of patients who were admitted to a private psychiatric outpatient clinic in Oslo between 2014 and 2018. Out of 612 patients diagnosed with ADHD, 585 (96.5%) agreed to participate in the study. ADHD was diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria. AUD and DUD were diagnosed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.). ADHD severity was assessed by the Adult ADHD Self Report Scale (ASRS). Emotional Dysregulation (ED) was assessed by the eight-item version of Barkley’s Current Behavior Scale - Self Report (CBS-SR).Results The 12-month prevalence of AUD and DUD was 5.3% and 13.7%, respectively. The lifetime prevalence was 12.0% for AUD and 27.7% for DUD. A history of DUD, but not AUD, was positively associated with hyperactivity-impulsivity ADHD core symptoms, as well as ED.Conclusions The prevalence of lifetime DUD among patients with ADHD is high and associated with higher levels of hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms, as well as ED. It is important to consider comorbid DUD in adult ADHD patients, particularly among individuals with high levels of hyperactivity-impulsivity ADHD core symptoms or ED.

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Females With ADHD Report More Severe Symptoms Than Males on the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale

Abstract: The results suggest that childhood symptoms of ADHD may have gone unnoticed in girls, emphasizing the need for longitudinal studies of ADHD symptoms across the life span.

Cited by 29 publications

References 37 publications

Establishing US norms for the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1) and characterising symptom burden among adults with self-reported ADHD

Establishing US norms for the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1) and characterising symptom burden among adults with self-reported ADHD

Gender differences in psychiatric comorbidity: a population‐based study of 40 000 adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Alcohol and drug use disorders among adults with ADHD: Prevalence and associations with ADHD symptom severity and emotional dysregulation.

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