Female to Male Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: Risk Factors for Seroconversion in Men

Cameron, D. William; D'Costa, L J; Maitha, Gregory; Cheang, Mary; Piot, Peter; Simonsen, J. Neil; Ronald, Allan; Gakinya, MichaelN; Ndinya–Achola, JO; Brunham, R. C.; Plummer, F.A.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90589-8

Cited by 656 publications

(307 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Several studies have also established the role of genital ulcer diseases facilitating the transmission of mv infection [5,6]. The higher prevalence of mv positivity in chancroid, syphilis and herpes genitalis has also been described [7,8]. Gonorrhoea and chlamydia have also been identified as risk factor for HIV-I infection among female prostitute [9].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the Armed Forces

Gupta

Sayal

Sanghi

1999

Medical Journal Armed Forces India

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Pattern of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in 1027 male patients admitted during 1990 to 1996 were analysed. MJYority of cases (86%) were in age group of 20 to 40 years. Out of total 1027 SID cases 334 (32%) were having chancroid, 237 (23%) syphllis, 122 (11.9%) lymphogranuloma venereum, 130 (12.6%) gonorrhoea, 34 (3.3%) Herpes genital1s and 170 (16.5%) other STDs. 167 STD cases (16.3%) were found to have mvinfection. A rising trend in prevalence ofHlV infection in SID patients from 2.8% (1990) to 27.8 (1996) was noticed contrary to declining trend of STDs from 213 cases in 1990 to 79 cases in 1996. The prevalence of HlV infection was 30.3% in LGV, 19.3% in chancroid, 13.5% in syphllis, 17.6% in herpes genitalls, 6.7% in gonorrhoea and 11.2% in other SID cases.Out of total 167 SID cases having HIV infection 65 (40%) cases were of chancroid, 37 (22.2%) of LGV, 32(19.2%) of syphllis, 8 (4.8) of gonorrhoea, and 6(3.6% ) of herpes genital1s while 17 (10.2) cases were having other STDs. MJAFI 1fJ9fJ;

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the Armed Forces

Gupta

Sayal

Sanghi

1999

Medical Journal Armed Forces India

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“…Entre 1986 e 1987, Cameron et al 10 conduziram um estudo de coorte prospectiva em Nairóbi, Quênia, para determinar a freqüência e os fatores de risco da transmissão sexual do HIV da mulher para o homem. Os autores haviam observado em um estudo caso-controle anterior que, em homens com infecção sexualmente transmissível (IST), a presença de úlcera genital e do estado incircunciso estavam independentemente associados à infecção pelo HIV.…”

Section: O Nascimento De Uma Hipótese Epidemiológicaunclassified

“…Desde a publicação dos resultados quenianos de Cameron et al, 10 vários outros estudos foram conduzidos na África subsaariana, alguns prospectivos, a maioria, porém, transversais, para se determinar o papel da circuncisão masculina na disseminação heterossexual do HIV. Como se sabe, a principal limitação dos estudos observacionais é a possibilidade de concorrência de fatores de confundimento.…”

Section: O Nascimento De Uma Hipótese Epidemiológicaunclassified

A circuncisão masculina e a transmissão heterossexual do HIV

Eyer-Silva¹

2003

Rev. Saúde Pública

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ResumoDesde os primeiros anos da epidemia de Aids, grandes diferenças geográficas na prevalência de infecção pelo HIV foram registradas entre países vizinhos e regiões vizinhas dentro de um mesmo país na África subsaariana. Tais diferenças não podiam ser completamente explicadas por fatores como o comportamento sexual e o uso de preservativos. Um acúmulo de dados epidemiológicos vem mostrando que a circuncisão masculina desempenha um efeito protetor contra a aquisição heterossexual do HIV pelo homem na África subsaariana e provavelmente contribui para as acentuadas diferenças de prevalência de HIV. Assim, realizou-se uma atualização dos estudos conduzidos em solo africano sobre a associação entre circuncisão masculina e infecção pelo HIV, as origens da prática da circuncisão entre as populações humanas, os mecanismos pelos quais a presença do prepúcio aumentaria a susceptibilidade de aquisição heterossexual do HIV pelo homem, sua associação com outras doenças infecciosas e também neoplásicas, o debate sobre a conveniência da adoção de práticas de circuncisão como estratégia de controle da epidemia de HIV na África, a escassa literatura brasileira sobre circuncisão masculina e as perspectivas de investigações futuras. Abstract Since the early years of the AIDS epidemic significant geographic differences in HIV prevalence were reported within neighboring countries and neighboring regions within the same country in sub-Saharan Africa. These differences could not be fully explained by factors such as sexual behavior and condom use. Mounting epidemiological data have demonstrated that male circumcision is a major protective factor against male heterosexual HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa and probably contributes to these significant differences in HIV prevalence. This is a review of African studies on the association between male circumcision and HIV infection

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“…The later, in turn, have incidence rates which are directly dependent on the level of sexual activity. In fact, it has been reported by a number of authors 4 Pública, 33 (4), 1999 www.fsp.usp.br/rsp times. In addition, the relationship between HIV and other STDs has been suggested as a possible explanation for the higher prevalence of heterosexually transmitted HIV observed in Africa as compared to the rates observed in western countries 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A theoretical model of the evolution of virulence in sexually transmitted HIV/AIDS

et al. 1999

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VOLUME 33 NÚMERO 4 AGOSTO 1999© Copyright Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP. Proibida a reprodução mesmo que parcial sem a devida autorização do Editor Científico. Proibida a utilização de matérias para fins comerciais. All rights reserved. The evolution of virulence in host-parasite relationships has been the subject of several publications. In the case of HIV virulence, some authors suggest that the evolution of HIV virulence correlates with the rate of acquisition of new sexual partners. In contrast some other authors argue that the level of HIV virulence is independent of the sexual activity of the host population. Methods Provide a mathematical model for the study of the potential influence of human sexual behaviour on the evolution of virulence of HIV is provided. Revista de Saúde Pública ResultsThe results indicated that, when the probability of acquisition of infection is a function both of the sexual activity and of the virulence level of HIV strains, the evolution of HIV virulence correlates positively with the rate of acquisition of new sexual partners. ConclusionIt is concluded that in the case of a host population with a low (high) rate of exchange of sexual partners the evolution of HIV virulence is such that the less (more) virulent strain prevails. Descritores

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Female to Male Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: Risk Factors for Seroconversion in Men

Cited by 656 publications

References 26 publications

Pattern of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the Armed Forces

Pattern of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the Armed Forces

A circuncisão masculina e a transmissão heterossexual do HIV

A theoretical model of the evolution of virulence in sexually transmitted HIV/AIDS

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