Female tiger<i>Panthera tigris</i>home range size and prey abundance: important metrics for management

Simcharoen, Achara; Savini, Tommaso; Gale, George; Simcharoen, Saksit; Duangchantrasiri, Somphot; Pakpien, Somporn; Smith, James L.

doi:10.1017/s0030605312001408

Cited by 77 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Adult tigers were considered residents if they were photographed in the same area for at least two consecutive years, or observed with cubs (Smith et al 1987;Barlow et al 2009;Simcharoen et al 2014). We calculated a relative abundance index (RAI) (O'Brien et al 2003) from August, 2012 to July, 2014 for each entity at each trap station as the number of detections per 100 camera-trap days.…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amur tigers and leopards returning to China: direct evidence and a landscape conservation plan

et al. 2015

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Context The Amur tiger and leopard, once roaming over the Eurasian continent, are now endangered and confined to the Sikhote-Alin Mountains, Russia-a landscape that has been increasingly fragmented due to human activities. The ultimate fate of these big cats depends on whether they can resettle in their previous main historical range in NE China. Recent sightings of these animals along the China-Russia border have aroused new hope, but direct evidence is lacking.Objectives The main objectives of our study were (1) to determine the abundance and spatiotemporal patterns of tigers, leopards, and primary prey; (2) to investigate factors influencing the resettlement of the two big cats; and (3) to propose a landscape-scale conservation plan to secure the long-term sustainability of the Amur tiger and leopard. Methods We monitored the two felids, their prey, and human activities, with 380 camera-trap stations, for a total of 175,127 trap days and over an area of 6000 km 2 in NE China. We used the constraint line method to characterize cattle grazing and human influences on tigers, leopards, and their prey species.Tianming Wang and Limin Feng contributed equally to this work.

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Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amur tigers and leopards returning to China: direct evidence and a landscape conservation plan

et al. 2015

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“…Community forestry, driven by rural people managing forests for both sustainable resource use and for ecological services, is improving habitat quality outside many of these reserves [44], creating areas that are likely to increase habitat connectivity. Elsewhere across the tigers range, it may be possible to increase population size in the core protected areas by reversing a trend of prey depletion and thus increasing tiger carrying capacity [11,45].…”

Section: (B) Management Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How much gene flow is needed to avoid inbreeding depression in wild tiger populations?

et al. 2014

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The number and size of tiger populations continue to decline owing to habitat loss, habitat fragmentation and poaching of tigers and their prey. As a result, tiger populations have become small and highly structured. Current populations have been isolated since the early 1970s or for approximately seven generations. The objective of this study is to explore how inbreeding may be affecting the persistence of remaining tiger populations and how dispersal, either natural or artificial, may reduce the potentially detrimental effect of inbreeding depression. We developed a tiger simulation model and used published levels of genetic load in mammals to simulate inbreeding depression. Following a 50 year period of population isolation, we introduced one to four dispersing male tigers per generation to explore how gene flow from nearby populations may reduce the negative impact of inbreeding depression. For the smallest populations, even four dispersing male tigers per generation did not increase population viability, and the likelihood of extinction is more than 90% within 30 years. Unless habitat connectivity is restored or animals are artificially introduced in the next 70 years, medium size wild populations are also likely to go extinct, with only four to five of the largest wild tiger populations likely to remain extant in this same period without intervention. To reduce the risk of local extinction, habitat connectivity must be pursued concurrently with efforts to increase population size (e.g. enhance habitat quality, increase habitat availability). It is critical that infrastructure development, dam construction and other similar projects are planned appropriately so that they do not erode the extent or quality of habitat for these populations so that they can truly serve as future source populations.

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“…Smith and C. McDougal personal communication, December 2014). Territory size of eight breeding females radio-tracked in two Indian protected areas in seasonal dry tropical forest ranged from 17 to 27 km 2 (Simcharoen et al 2014). With this measured variation in tiger density in the same biome, presumably supporting about equal prey biomasses, we have an estimated range of what breeding female tiger carrying capacity could be in the CILC protected areas, but we have yet to partition the impact of any minimum area social tolerance among breeding females, and of poaching, other human disturbances, and prey abundance and distribution that shape breeding tiger densities in the CILC protected areas.…”

Section: Tiger Conservation Landscapes In Central Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity resilience in the Central Indian Highlands is contingent on maintaining and recovering landscape connectivity: the tiger as a case study

Seidensticker

2015

Reg Environ Change

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Corridors (variably called landscape linkages, connectors, and gateways) are expanses of a landscape that facilitate the flow or movement of individuals, genes, and ecological processes. Protected areas with their buffer zones and the corridors that connect them are cornerstones of modern conservation actions to maintain the biodiversity we have and restore what we have lost. Policy and governance to guide the establishment and management of protected areas and supporting buffer zones is well established in the Central Indian Highlands. A policy and governance structure to create the context and enabling conditions for corridor maintenance, creation, and recovery is emerging but is constrained by the reigning land-management paradigm that separates conservation from development rather than mainstreaming species and habitat conservation into the rural development agenda. Well-nourished, healthy human populations and healthy ecosystems are inextricably linked. The worsening ecological conditions in the Central Indian Highlands can trigger the emergence of a common agenda for an inclusive, caring, and environment-friendly mode of development. The alternative is the business-as-usual scenario: a continuation of worsening ecological conditions. Entry points through the biodiversity, agriculture production, resource extraction, and economic/social sectors to enable integrated sustainable landscape management are identified. These include deepening what it means to successfully conserve a species combined with explicit threat analysis for at-risk tigers and the landscapes that supports them; landscape scenario modeling to advance communication by synthesizing diverse forms of research and articulating and evaluating alternative socio-economic futures; and the use of the smart green infrastructure process as an approach to development rather than only as a way to mitigate environmental damage. Models are presented to scale up from isolated conservation interventions to collective impact that unites supportive government partners with individuals, NGOs, and economic interests to achieve viable long-term relationships in human and natural systems to value, maintain, and recover landscape connectivity.

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Female tigerPanthera tigrishome range size and prey abundance: important metrics for management

Cited by 77 publications

References 41 publications

Amur tigers and leopards returning to China: direct evidence and a landscape conservation plan

Amur tigers and leopards returning to China: direct evidence and a landscape conservation plan

How much gene flow is needed to avoid inbreeding depression in wild tiger populations?

Biodiversity resilience in the Central Indian Highlands is contingent on maintaining and recovering landscape connectivity: the tiger as a case study

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