Female TBI patients recover better than males

Groswasser, Zeev; Cohen, M; Keren, Ofer

doi:10.1080/026990598122197

Cited by 195 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] However, these research findings are mixed. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Our study focused on the specific executive functions deficit in SA after TBI, which not been well studied with regard to gender. The study purpose was to examine (1) possible gender differences in SA of injury-related deficits and (2) possible causes for these gender differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Mixed findings are typical in studies comparing broad post-TBI outcomes for men and women. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] On the one hand, research has shown that women with TBI outperform men in executive functions, 1 working memory, 27 delayed visual memory, 20 and written language, 21 as well as in rehabilitation outcomes 21 and community integration. 22,23 Investigators have also noted that women are more likely to survive their injuries and less likely to have postinjury complications than men.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender Differences in Awareness and Outcomes During Acute Traumatic Brain Injury Recovery

Perrin¹,

Holcomb²,

Rolston³

et al. 2014

Journal of Women's Health

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Background: Recent literature on traumatic brain injury (TBI), though mixed when reporting outcomes, seems collectively to suggest possible gender advantage for women in postinjury recovery, especially in executive functions. Hormonal neuroprotection, through female reproductive hormones, is often proposed as an underlying factor in these results. We explored potential gender differences in an aspect of executive functions, selfawareness (SA), which is often impaired after TBI, limits patient effort in critical rehabilitation, and increases caregiver burden. Methods: Within a prospective survey, repeated-measures design, 121 patients with moderate or severe TBI undergoing acute rehabilitation in a Level 1 trauma center, a family member or caregiver informant, and a treating clinician were asked to complete the Patient Competency Rating Scale (PCRS) and the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe) at admission and discharge. Results: Although overall, women and men with TBI showed generally similar levels of SA, women had significantly better awareness of their injury-related deficits at acute rehabilitation discharge, even when controlling for age, education, and injury severity. Conclusions: Mixed findings in this study mirror the pattern of results that dominate the published literature on gender and TBI. Gender differences in executive dysfunction may not be as large or robust as some researchers argue. In addition, complex interplays of socialization, gender-role expectations, naturally occurring male and female ability differences, and differences in access to postinjury rehabilitation are understudied potential moderators.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Awareness and Outcomes During Acute Traumatic Brain Injury Recovery

Perrin¹,

Holcomb²,

Rolston³

et al. 2014

Journal of Women's Health

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“…After traumatic brain injury (TBI) women have also shown better recovery than men (Groswasser et al, 1998). These reported differences between males and females could be the result of hormonal influences on outcome.…”

Section: Gendermentioning

confidence: 92%

Pathophysiology of Cerebral Ischemia and Brain Trauma: Similarities and Differences

Bramlett

Dietrich

2004

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

561

358

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Summary: Current knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and brain trauma indicates that similar mechanisms contribute to loss of cellular integrity and tissue destruction. Mechanisms of cell damage include excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, free radical production, apoptosis and inflammation. Genetic and gender factors have also been shown to be important mediators of pathomechanisms present in both injury settings. However, the fact that these injuries arise from different types of primary insults leads to diverse cellular vulnerability patterns as well as a spectrum of injury processes. Blunt head trauma produces shear forces that result in primary membrane damage to neuronal cell bodies, white matter structures and vascular beds as well as secondary injury mechanisms. Severe cerebral ischemic insults lead to metabolic stress, ionic perturbations, and a complex cascade of biochemical and molecular events ultimately causing neuronal death. Similarities in the pathogenesis of these cerebral injuries may indicate that therapeutic strategies protective following ischemia may also be beneficial after trauma. This review summarizes and contrasts injury mechanisms after ischemia and trauma and discusses neuroprotective strategies that target both types of injuries.

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“…There are a few studies which indicate that gender was associated with different outcomes, but those studies included a smaller number of patients after TBI. It has been shown in a few studies that the better outcomes in females might be due to the neuroprotective effect of progesterone [12]. On the other hand, several other studies indicate that females have poorer prognosis than males [13,14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Early Indicators of Prognosis in Traumatic Brain Injury and their Association with Outcome

Verma¹,

Gupta²,

Rappai³

et al. 2017

IOSR JDMS

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Female TBI patients recover better than males

Cited by 195 publications

References 9 publications

Gender Differences in Awareness and Outcomes During Acute Traumatic Brain Injury Recovery

Gender Differences in Awareness and Outcomes During Acute Traumatic Brain Injury Recovery

Pathophysiology of Cerebral Ischemia and Brain Trauma: Similarities and Differences

Early Indicators of Prognosis in Traumatic Brain Injury and their Association with Outcome

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