Female sterilization reversal in the era of in-vitro fertilization

Abstract

Purpose of reviewRegret after female sterilization is not uncommon in the United States. Prior to the development of assisted reproductive technology (ART), surgical reversal of sterilization was the only option for patients interested in fertility. First performed in 1972, this procedure has since been refined over the years by gynaecologic surgeons. With in-vitro fertilization (IVF) gaining popularity, interest in sterilization reversal has waned. However, sterilization reversal should remain an important option in patients seeking pregnancy after tubal ligation. Recent findingsA direct comparison between IVF and sterilization reversal is challenging due to inherent differences in reporting fertility outcomes. However, sterilization reversal may optimize fertility in younger women, whereas IVF may be more effective in older women. The surgical approach to sterilization reversal can be laparotomic, laparoscopic or robotic. Clinical decision making should include consideration of the risk of ectopic pregnancy, interval from sterilization to reversal, type of sterilization procedure, planned anastomotic site and projected remaining tubal length.

Rare Unilateral Twin Ectopic Pregnancy After Frozen Embryo Transfer: A Case Report and Literature Review

“…11 Other implantation sites include ovaries, cervix, abdominal cavity, cesarean section scar, or stroma. 12 Twin ectopic pregnancy occurs in 1:20,000 up to 1:125,000 pregnancies of ectopic pregnancy, and it is an extremely rare condition, which is the implantation of both embryos outside of the endometrial lining. 12 It can usually be implanted on the fallopian tubes, but double ectopic implantation of ovaries, abdomen, cesarean section scars, corneas, and cervix have also been reported.…”

“…12 Twin ectopic pregnancy occurs in 1:20,000 up to 1:125,000 pregnancies of ectopic pregnancy, and it is an extremely rare condition, which is the implantation of both embryos outside of the endometrial lining. 12 It can usually be implanted on the fallopian tubes, but double ectopic implantation of ovaries, abdomen, cesarean section scars, corneas, and cervix have also been reported. 13 In the cases of twin tubal pregnancies, most were reported to be bilateral ectopic pregnancy, while a few were unilateral tubal pregnancies.…”