Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Problem Hidden in the Shadows

Abstract

Background: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) has mainly been underdiagnosed and undertreated due to the lack of concrete definitions, validated assessment methods, and efficient treatments. However, during the last few decades, there has been significant progress in the clinical management and research of FSD. Objective: The purpose of this review is to describe the pathophysiology of FSD, report the prevalence of the disease in the setting of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and disease, and review current and under investigation treatment options. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed to identify studies examining the association of FSD with CV risk factors and/or disease and studies reporting appropriate management options. Results: The prevalence of FSD is increased in the general population (approximately 40%) and is significantly higher in patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. In patients with overt CV disease, FSD is even more prevalent (up to 90%). The cause of FSD is multifactorial and includes various vascular, hormonal, interpersonal, and psychological factors, which are all intertwined. Several treatment options exist that are efficient in improving female sexual function, while a cluster of other alternatives has been shown to offer benefits. Conclusion: FSD is a significant public health problem with a great impact on the patients’ quality of life. In the setting of increased CV burden, FSD is even more prevalent. Increased awareness is needed for the physician to establish a trustful environment with the patient, discuss such issues, and offer suitable management options.

Sexual Functions in Egyptian Females with Vitiligo

“…Because there are no clear definitions, reliable evaluation techniques, or effective treatments for FSD, the condition has been significantly underdiagnosed and undertreated [21] . FSD is a complicated disorder influenced by biologic, psychiatric, and social variables.…”

Do We Care Enough About the Presence of Sexual Problems in Diabetic Patients?

“…The impact of diabetes on sexual well-being can 8,17,21 However, according to the available research, it has been observed that women tend to exhibit greater hesitancy in addressing matters related to sexual health, while healthcare providers may display a decreased inclination to engage in discussions on such concerns with their female patients. 13,21,22 The potential causes of this phenomenon can be attributed to variations in gender-based communication patterns, societal expectations around gender roles, and the presence of unconscious prejudices within therapeutic settings. 22,23 Research has indicated that women may encounter heightened levels of stigmatization about disclosing personal health matters, particularly those about sexual health.…”

“…13,21,22 The potential causes of this phenomenon can be attributed to variations in gender-based communication patterns, societal expectations around gender roles, and the presence of unconscious prejudices within therapeutic settings. 22,23 Research has indicated that women may encounter heightened levels of stigmatization about disclosing personal health matters, particularly those about sexual health. 22,24 In certain societal contexts, there exists an expectation for women to maintain a state of silence regarding matters about sexuality.…”

“…22,23 Research has indicated that women may encounter heightened levels of stigmatization about disclosing personal health matters, particularly those about sexual health. 22,24 In certain societal contexts, there exists an expectation for women to maintain a state of silence regarding matters about sexuality. Consequently, women may exhibit a reluctance to openly communicate their experiences of sexual dysfunction.…”

“…27,28 Conversely, female sexual dysfunction often entails a blend of psychological and physiological symptoms, rendering its identification a challenging task. 22 Therefore, it is imperative to acknowledge the sexual health challenges encountered by women living with diabetes, since this recognition can foster a greater willingness among healthcare professionals and patients to openly address these concerns. In order to attain a comprehensive enhancement in the treatment of diabetes and a corresponding improvement in the quality of life for patients, it is imperative to surmount the obstacles currently faced.…”