Female sex work in Yangon, Myanmar

Talikowski, Luke; Gillieatt, Sue

doi:10.1071/sh04043

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Low income is associated with poverty-related factors, like no permanent place of residence, poor access to food and other basic necessities, and limited social support networks, all of which can potentially drive the lower-income sex workers into risk-taking sexual behaviors, which expose them to HIV. Economic need is a compelling reason to accept a client who refused to use a condom 28. According to a study conducted in 2007 by the International Organization for Migration among Myanmar migrant female sex workers, there were incidences reported when clients had paid extra not to use a condom 29.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV prevalence among the female sex workers in major cities in Myanmar and the risk behaviors associated with it

Swe

Rashid²

2013

HIV

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BackgroundMyanmar is one of the countries hardest hit by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in Asia.AimThe objective of the study was to determine HIV prevalence among the female sex workers in major cities in Myanmar and the risk behaviors associated with it.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among female sex workers in major cities in Myanmar. Interviews were conducted by trained research assistants, in private, using a questionnaire. The HIV status of the respondents was asked and confirmed by the blood test reports from the laboratories of the Myanmar National AIDS Programme sexually transmitted infections (STI)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Teams and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).ResultsThere were 200 respondents in this study. Out of the 136 participants who were tested for HIV, 25 (18.4%) were HIV-positive. Respondents of other ethnic groups than Myanmars and other religions than Buddhist were about six times (odds ratio [OR] 5.9) and five times (OR 4.6), respectively, at higher odds of being HIV-positive. Those who were earning an income of less than 200,000 kyats were almost three times (OR 2.9) at higher odds of being HIV-positive. The difference in the age group was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.001). Respondents who did not have HIV counseling (OR 7.3), who did not use condoms (OR 1.3), and with regular partners who refused the use of condoms (OR 6.0) were at higher odds of being HIV-positive.ConclusionHIV prevention services should include socioeconomic support programs, and the clients and regular partners of sex workers should also be targeted for behavior-change messages, to reduce condom resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV prevalence among the female sex workers in major cities in Myanmar and the risk behaviors associated with it

Swe

Rashid²

2013

HIV

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“…In any case, the importance of the risk attitude parameter in the empirical analysis seems clear. The number of FSWs in Yangon has been estimated to be between 5000 and 10,000 (Talikowski & Gillieatt, 2005;Thein et al, 2015), with the most recent behavioural surveillance survey reporting the number to be about 7160 (National AIDS Program, 2019). The study population comprised FSWs aged 18 years or older working in brothels and entertainment venues.…”

Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk attitude, risky behaviour and price determination in the sex market: A case study of Yangon, Myanmar

Yamada

Kanayama

Yoshikawa

et al. 2023

Pacific Economic Review

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Commercial sex is a prevalent but risky profession in many countries, including Myanmar. Although risk attitude is a potentially important factor in determining risky behaviour of female sex workers (FSWs), few studies have explicitly investigated the issue. This is one of the first studies to elicit the risk attitude of FSWs using a simple risk game. We conducted the risk game with FSWs in Yangon, Myanmar, where the average GDP per capita is very low, to study how risk attitude is related with observable characteristics and with risky behaviour related to the use of condoms in the commercial sex market. We found that risk attitude is relatively independent of observable characteristics and the decision to use a condom. However, transaction prices were directly associated with risk attitude.

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“…2 Finally, Indonesia’s surveillance systems reported increasingly high rates of HIV in the general population. 3 Parts of Myanmar, 4 Vietnam, 5 Cambodia, 6 and Thailand 7,8 have experienced similar trends, which indicate a potential burgeoning epidemic in countries with similar drug-use and commercial sex work patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between drug use and sexual risks among heterosexual men in the Philippines

Regan¹,

Dyer

Gooding

et al. 2013

Int J STD AIDS

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The relationship between drug use and sexual risk behaviours among 2272 men in the southern Philippines was assessed. Over 20% of participants used drugs. Logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, marital status, income, occupation and geographic region revealed that compared to non-drug users, men who used drugs had earlier sexual debuts (adjusted odds ratio = 1.73; 95% confidence interval = 1.38-2.17), were more likely to report two or more recent sexual partners (adjusted odds ratio = 2.22; 95% confidence interval = 1.59-3.11), and were more likely to report ever having sex with a female sex worker (adjusted odds ratio = 2.99; 95% confidence interval = 2.25-4.00). Condom use was noted to be low overall among the men in this study; however, the odds of more frequent condom use with a regular partner were greater for men who used drugs compared to non-drug users (adjusted odds ratio = 1.60; 95% confidence interval = 1.26-2.02). There were no significant differences in condom use during last sex or frequency of condom use with a sex worker. While injection drug use was not common (1%), use of oral or inhaled substances was prevalent, and associated with increased sexual risk for acquisition and transmission of STI/HIV. Efforts to decrease STI/HIV transmission should specifically target non-injection drug use as a risk factor.

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Female sex work in Yangon, Myanmar

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

HIV prevalence among the female sex workers in major cities in Myanmar and the risk behaviors associated with it

HIV prevalence among the female sex workers in major cities in Myanmar and the risk behaviors associated with it

Risk attitude, risky behaviour and price determination in the sex market: A case study of Yangon, Myanmar

Associations between drug use and sexual risks among heterosexual men in the Philippines

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