Female sex, small size at birth and low family income increase the likelihood of insulin resistance in late childhood: the Healthy Growth Study

Μanios, Yannis; Moschonis, George; Papandreou, Christopher; Siatitsa, Paraskevi‐Eirini; Iatridi, Vassiliki; Lidoriki, Irene; Lionis, Christos

doi:10.1111/pedi.12052

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Both of our reference values and those of the IDEFICS study are lower than those previously published for prepubertal children, which suggests that the cut‐off point for IR in this age group should be decreased. In concordance with our results too, they also observed that insulin levels increased gradually from age 2 to 10 years, and particularly from 8 years old, being higher in girls than in boys . Therefore, cut‐off points for insulinaemia and IR should be established by age and sex.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Insulinaemia and insulin resistance in Caucasian general paediatric population aged 2 to 10 years: Associated risk factors

et al. 2017

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Insulinaemia and insulin resistance in Caucasian general paediatric population aged 2 to 10 years: Associated risk factors

et al. 2017

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“…These findings are consistent with previous reports [ 14 , 17 , 38 , 39 ]. However, some studies have shown that low birth weight is associated with a higher risk of overweight or obesity, [ 33 , 40 ]. Indeed, many studies have shown that there is an association between smoking during the antenatal period and low birth weight, which generally leads to a rapid weight gain in the following six months; with a higher risk of overweight in children and adults [ 7 , 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Overweight and Obesity among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Cameroon: A Multistage, Stratified Cluster Sampling Nationwide Survey

et al. 2015

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BackgroundChildhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children (<5 years) in Cameroon, based on weight-for-height index, has doubled between 1991 and 2006. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among children aged 6 months to 5 years in Cameroon in 2011.MethodsFour thousand five hundred and eighteen children (2205 boys and 2313 girls) aged between 6 to 59 months were sampled in the 2011 Demographic Health Survey (DHS) database. Body Mass Index (BMI) z-scores based on WHO 2006 reference population was chosen to estimate overweight (BMI z-score > 2) and obesity (BMI for age > 3). Regression analyses were performed to investigate risk factors of overweight/obesity.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight and obesity was 8% (1.7% for obesity alone). Boys were more affected by overweight than girls with a prevalence of 9.7% and 6.4% respectively. The highest prevalence of overweight was observed in the Grassfield area (including people living in West and North-West regions) (15.3%). Factors that were independently associated with overweight and obesity included: having overweight mother (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.51; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.97) and obese mother (aOR = 2.19; 95% CI = 155 to 3.07), compared to having normal weight mother; high birth weight (aOR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.24 to 2.28) compared to normal birth weight; male gender (aOR = 1.56; 95% CI 1.24 to 1.95); low birth rank (aOR = 1.35; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.72); being aged between 13–24 months (aOR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.21 to 2.66) and 25–36 months (aOR = 2.79; 95% CI 1.93 to 4.13) compared to being aged 45 to 49 months; living in the grassfield area (aOR = 2.65; 95% CI = 1.87 to 3.79) compared to living in Forest area. Muslim appeared as a protective factor (aOR = 0.67; 95% CI 0.46 to 0.95).compared to Christian religion.ConclusionThis study underlines a high prevalence of early childhood overweight with significant disparities between ecological areas of Cameroon. Risk factors of overweight included high maternal BMI, high birth weight, male gender, low birth rank, aged between 13–36 months, and living in the Grassfield area while being Muslim appeared as a protective factor. Preventive strategies should be strengthened especially in Grassfield areas and should focus on sensitization campaigns to reduce overweight and obesity in mothers and on reinforcement of measures such as surveillance of weight gain during antenatal consultation and clinical follow-up of children with high birth weight. Meanwhile, further studies including nutritional characteristics are of great interest to understand the association with religion, child age and ecological area in this age group, and will help in refining preventive strategies against childhood overweight and obesity in Cameroon.

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“…It is well established that prenatal and immediate postnatal variations in nutrient availability can modulate metabolic status and disease susceptibility in rodents and in humans, but most previous studies have focused on factors that impair adult health, often by increased obesity and impairments in glucose and insulin homeostasis (11,41). A largely separate research tradition has shown that restriction of caloric intake (21,22,28,39,43), or in some cases intake of the amino acid methionine (49), throughout adult life can prevent or delay a wide range of late-life illnesses and thereby increase mean and maximal longevity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-lived crowded-litter mice exhibit lasting effects on insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis

Sadagurski

Landeryou

Blandino-Rosano

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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The action of nutrients on early postnatal growth can influence mammalian aging and longevity. Recent work has demonstrated that limiting nutrient availability in the first 3 wk of life [by increasing the number of pups in the crowdedlitter (CL) model] leads to extension of mean and maximal lifespan in genetically normal mice. In this study, we aimed to characterize the impact of early-life nutrient intervention on glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis in CL mice. In our study, we used mice from litters supplemented to 12 or 15 pups and compared those to control litters limited to eight pups. At weaning and then throughout adult life, CL mice are significantly leaner and consume more oxygen relative to control mice. At 6 mo of age, CL mice had low fasting leptin concentrations, and low-dose leptin injections reduced body weight and food intake more in CL female mice than in controls. At 22 mo, CL female mice also have smaller adipocytes compared with controls. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests show an increase in insulin sensitivity in 6 mo old CL male mice, and females become more insulin sensitive later in life. Furthermore, ␤-cell mass was significantly reduced in the CL male mice and was associated with reduction in ␤-cell proliferation rate in these mice. Together, these data show that early-life nutrient intervention has a significant lifelong effect on metabolic characteristics that may contribute to the increased lifespan of CL mice.

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Female sex, small size at birth and low family income increase the likelihood of insulin resistance in late childhood: the Healthy Growth Study

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Insulinaemia and insulin resistance in Caucasian general paediatric population aged 2 to 10 years: Associated risk factors

Insulinaemia and insulin resistance in Caucasian general paediatric population aged 2 to 10 years: Associated risk factors

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Overweight and Obesity among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Cameroon: A Multistage, Stratified Cluster Sampling Nationwide Survey

Long-lived crowded-litter mice exhibit lasting effects on insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis

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