Female Sex Pheromone of the Gelechiid Moth Scrobipalpa salinella (Zeller)

Abstract

The sex pheromone system of Scrobipalpa salinella (Zeller), an important pest of the halophyte Salicornia europaea in the tidal salt marshes, was studied. Z3-12:OAc and Z5-12:OAc were identified from both female pheromone glands and female emissions, but in quite different ratios. Field trapping tests demonstrated that Z3-12:OAc and Z5-12:OAc are essential for optimal attraction of male moths, and a 100:5 blend found in gland extracts is significantly more attractive to males than a 100:50 ratio similar to that found in SPME samples. Small amounts of E3-12:OAc and Z5-14:OAc also were present in pheromone gland extracts. A blend of E3-12:OAc with Z3-12:OAc attracted a few males, but was not as attractive as the binary blend of Z3-12:OAc and Z5-12:OAc. Moreover, addition of E3-12:OAc did not affect captures of males to the primary binary blend. Another glandular component, Z5-14:OAc, had no behavioral activity in field bioassays. Therefore, a synthetic mixture of Z3-12:OAc and Z5-12:OAc in a 100:5 ratio can be used as an effective tool for monitoring and control of this species.

Sex pheromone of the iris gelechiid moth Monochroa divisella

“…Other than M . divisella , Z3‐12:Ac has been identified as a major pheromone component of Scrobipalpa salinella (Zeller) (Yang et al., ), a minor pheromone component of Tecia solanivora Povolny (Nesbitt et al., ; Bosa et al., ), and a potential male attractant for Aproaerema anthyllidella Hübner (Priesner, ) and Agnippe prunifoliella (Chambers) (Kelly et al., ). Its geometric isomer (E3‐12:Ac) has been identified as a major pheromone component of Scrobipalpa ocellatella Boyd (Renou et al., ) and T .…”

“…Mono-unsaturated 12-carbon compounds (dodecenyl acetates, dodecenols, and dodecenals) are one of the most common classes in moth pheromone components (Ando, 2017; El-Sayed, 2017), but D3-dodecenyl compounds with the double bond at the 3 position, including Z3-12:Ac (the major pheromone component of M. divisella), are rare. Other than M. divisella, Z3-12:Ac has been identified as a major pheromone component of Scrobipalpa salinella (Zeller) (Yang et al, 2011), a minor pheromone component of Tecia solanivora Povolny (Nesbitt et al, 1985;Bosa et al, 2005), and a potential male attractant for Aproaerema anthyllidella H€ ubner (Priesner, 1987) and Agnippe prunifoliella (Chambers) (Kelly et al, 2013). Its geometric isomer (E3-12:Ac) has been identified as a major pheromone component of Scrobipalpa ocellatella Boyd (Renou et al, 1980) and T. solanivora (Nesbitt et al, 1985;Bosa et al, 2005), and is an attractant for males of Metzneria (Renou et al, 1980) and Chionodes spp.…”

Sex Pheromones and Reproductive Isolation in Five Mirid Species

“…These results indicate that pheromone concentration may be responsible in part for maintenance of premating reproductive isolation between the two species. However, the quantity of pheromone components in female gland extract may not be indicative as to the pheromone emission rate [ 27 , 28 ]. Further studies are necessary to determine the differences in the pheromone titers and ratios between female effluvia and gland extracts of mirid species, and to compare the attractiveness of synthetic pheromone lures with those of live virgin females.…”