Female seamless soft body armor pattern design system with innovative reverse engineering approaches

Abtew, Mulat Alubel; Bruniaux, Pascal; Boussu, François; Loghin, Carmen; Cristian, Irina; Chen, Yan; Wang, Lichuan

doi:10.1007/s00170-018-2386-y

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Besides, ballistic panels made of 3D woven fabrics revealed better molding ability and equivalent ballistic performance as compared to panels made from 2D plain weave fabric structures [41,42]. This makes the fabric a promising material to develop the frontal women's soft body armor panel by properly accommodating the upper torso shape and the bust [3,29]. Such behavior then gives both the comfort and enhanced ballistic performance by removing the stitching and other weakening material surface during traditional manufacturing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Nowadays, both high-speed projectile advancements and higher demands of body armor put pressure on body armor developers, researchers, and manufacturers for a better and progressive improvement of the ballistic protection system not only using appropriate designing techniques but also developing proper materials [2]. Besides, unlike the male, the developments of soft body armor for female working in the various vulnerable areas demands body armor developed with a very highly technical designing skill not only for better ballistic protection but also to accommodate their curvilinear upper torso for better comfort and fitness [3][4][5][6][7]. However, achieving proper female soft body armor not only needs a unique panel design technique but also appropriate material that is moldable, reasonably light in weight, and comfortable without compromising its ballistic performance toward projectile penetration [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing the Ballistic Performances of 3D Warp Interlock Fabric Through Internal Structure as New Material for Seamless Female Soft Body Armor Development

et al. 2020

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This paper investigates the effects of warp yarns ratios on the ballistic performances of three-dimensional (3D) warp interlock p-aramid fabrics. Four 3D warp interlock variants with different binding and stuffer warp yarns ratios were designed and developed. Except for warp yarns ratios, similar fabric parameters and manufacturing conditions were considered. Two-dimensional (2D) woven fabric having similar material characteristics and recommended for female seamless soft body armor are also considered for comparisons. Five ballistic panels, one from 2D plain weave fabric and the rest four from the other 3D warp interlock variants were prepared in a non-angled layer alignment and non-stitched but bust-shaped molded form. The ballistic test is carried out according to NIJ (National Institute of Justice) standard-level IIIA. Back Face Signature (BFS) was then modeled and measured to compute both trauma and panels’ energy-absorbing capability. The result showed significant ballistic improvement in the 3D warp interlock variant with optimum warp yarns ratios over traditional 2D plain weave fabrics. 3D warp interlock fabric panel made with 66.6% binding and 33.3% stuffer warp yarn ratio revealed both lower BFS depth and higher energy absorbing capacity (%) than other panels made of 2D plain weave and 3D warp interlock fabric variants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Ballistic Performances of 3D Warp Interlock Fabric Through Internal Structure as New Material for Seamless Female Soft Body Armor Development

et al. 2020

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“…While developing a body armour system, it should possess various aspects including having good ballistic protection, being reasonably light in weight, flexible, and comfortable [1]. Various parameters for material development [2][3][4], armour panel design [5][6][7][8][9] and its finishing [10] can be considered to achieve such performance. Considering textile material development, its overall performance could be enhanced by various internal factors such as fibre types, yarn properties, material areal density, target ply numbers, target ply sequence etc., [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Impact Surface Damage Analysis of 3D Woven Para-Aramid Armour Panels Using NDI Technique

et al. 2021

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The effects of the yarn composition system inside 3D woven high-performance textiles are not well investigated and understood against their final ballistic impact behaviour. The current study aims to examine the ballistic impact performances of armour panels made of different 3D woven fabric variants through postmortem observations. Four high-performance five-layer 3D woven fabric variants were engineered based on their different warp yarn compositions but similar area density. A 50 × 50 cm2 armour system of each variant, which comprises eight nonbonded but aligned panels, namely, 3D-40-8/0 (or 8/0), 3D-40-8/4 (or 8/4), 3D-40-8/8 (or 8/8) and 3D-40-4/8 (or 4/8), were prepared and moulded to resemble female frontal morphology. The armour systems were then tested with nonperforation ballistic impacts according to the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) 0101.06 standard Level-IIIA. Two high-speed cameras were used to capture the event throughout the test. Nondestructive investigation (NDI) using optical microscopic and stereoscopic 3D digital images were employed for the analysis. The armour panels made of the 8/0 and 4/8 fabric variants were perforated, whereas the armour made of the 8/8 and 8/4 fabric variants showed no perforation. Besides, the armour made of the 8/4 fabric variant revealed higher local and global surface displacements than the other armours. The current research findings are useful for further engineering of 3D woven fabric for seamless women’s impact protective clothing.

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“…The mentioned method mainly helps to develop the required body and bust shape without cutting and stitching of the ballistic materials. This would keep the continuity of the fibre throughout the material, by in turn, gave both an appropriate ballistic protection and better fit with proper comfort [9–12]. However, in order to apply such design approaches on the female body armour design, the ballistic materials should preserve good shaping ability properties without compromising its ballistic performance to fit the intended shape while moulding process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ballistic impact performance and surface failure mechanisms of two-dimensional and three-dimensional woven p-aramid multi-layer fabrics for lightweight women ballistic vest applications

Abtew

Boussu

Bruniaux

et al. 2019

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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This paper investigates the influences of woven fabric type, impact locations and number of layers on ballistic impact performances of target panels through trauma dimension and panel surface damage mechanisms for lightweight women ballistic vest design. Three panels with 30, 35 and 40 layers of two-dimensional plain weave and another two panels with 30 and 40 layers of three-dimensional warp interlock fabrics were prepared. The three-dimensional woven fabric was manufactured using automatic Dornier weaving machine, whereas the two-dimensional fabric (with similar p-aramid fibre type (Twaron®)) was received from the Teijin Company. The ballistic tests were carried out according to NIJ Standard-0101.06 Level IIIA. Based on the result, woven fabric construction type, number of layers and target locations were directed an upshot on the trauma measurement values of the tested target panels. For example, 40 layers of two-dimensional plain weave fabric panels show lower trauma measurement values as compared to its counterpart three-dimensional warp interlock fabric panels with similar layer number. Moreover, 40 layers of two-dimensional fabric panels revealed 47% and 39% trauma depth reduction as compared to panels with 30 layers of two-dimensional fabric panel in moulded (target point 1) and non-moulded (target point 6), respectively. Due to higher amount of primary yarn involvement, two-dimensional plain weave fabric panel face higher level of local surface damages but less severe and fibrillated yarns than three-dimensional warp interlock fabrics panels. Moreover, three-dimensional warp interlock fabric panels required higher number of layers compared to two-dimensional plain weave aramid fabrics to halt the projectiles. Similarly, based on the post-mortem analysis of projectile, higher projectile debris deformation was recorded for panels having higher number of layers for both types of fabrics at similar target locations.

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Female seamless soft body armor pattern design system with innovative reverse engineering approaches

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Enhancing the Ballistic Performances of 3D Warp Interlock Fabric Through Internal Structure as New Material for Seamless Female Soft Body Armor Development

Enhancing the Ballistic Performances of 3D Warp Interlock Fabric Through Internal Structure as New Material for Seamless Female Soft Body Armor Development

Dynamic Impact Surface Damage Analysis of 3D Woven Para-Aramid Armour Panels Using NDI Technique

Ballistic impact performance and surface failure mechanisms of two-dimensional and three-dimensional woven p-aramid multi-layer fabrics for lightweight women ballistic vest applications

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