Female Perpetrators of the Rwandan Genocide

Brown, Sara E.

doi:10.1080/14616742.2013.788806

Cited by 41 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although this research has suggested that more men than women participate in genocide, Brown () argued that scholars’ emphasis on men is a product of gendered notions of who can commit genocidal violence. For instance, several thousand women SS auxiliaries supervised Nazi camps from 1939 to 1945, with some rising to high‐ranking positions (Lower, ).…”

Section: Genocide Crime and The Gendered Life Coursementioning

confidence: 93%

Age, Gender, and the Crime of Crimes: Toward a Life‐course Theory of Genocide Participation*

Brehm

Uggen

Gasanabo³

2016

Criminology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article asks whether genocide follows the age and gender distributions common to other crime. We develop and test a life‐course model of genocide participation to address this question using a new dataset of 1,068,192 cases tried in Rwanda's gacaca courts. Three types of prosecutions are considered: 1) inciting, organizing, or supervising violence; 2) killings and other physical assaults; and 3) offenses against property. By relying on systematic graphic comparisons, we find that the peak age of those tried in the gacaca courts was 34 years at the time of the genocide, which is older than the peak age for most other types of crime. We likewise find that women were more likely to participate in crimes against property and comparatively unlikely to commit genocidal murder. Symbolic–interactionist explanations of crime suggest people desist from crime as a result of shared understandings of the expectations of adulthood. We argue that this process may be turned on its head during genocide as participants may believe they are defending their communities against a perceived threat. Thus, in contrast to other criminological theories suggesting that people must desist from crime to be accorded adult status, some adults may participate in genocide to fulfill their duties as adult men.

show abstract

Section: Genocide Crime and The Gendered Life Coursementioning

confidence: 93%

Age, Gender, and the Crime of Crimes: Toward a Life‐course Theory of Genocide Participation*

Brehm

Uggen

Gasanabo³

2016

Criminology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, women may have their own reasons and motivations to join which are not reflective of stereotypical gender roles. Indeed, women who participate in conflicts as perpetrators of intimate and extreme violence are seen as challenging gender norms (Hassani 2016) and having agency (Brown 2014). Yet, such arguments do not mention whether targets of violence transform gender norms.…”

Section: What Violence Says About Gender?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Agency and Violence

Penttinen¹

2018

The Routledge Handbook of Gender and Security

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The question of gender and agency in the context of violence is a topic of much debate in feminist scholarship. The controversy lies in developing understanding how violence is gendered without reinforcing gender stereotypes about women as passive victims and men as aggressive perpetrators and to develop new understanding of how especially women use and enact agency in conflict and post-conflict setting. In this chapter I combine feminist security studies with feminist research on violence in order to deepen understandings of how gender and agency can be understood in the context of violence. The objective of the chapter is to focus on how violence is gendered, how gender norms and normative notions of gender inform manifestations and practices of violence in public and private spheres as well as look for possibilities of agency in the midst of violence. My objective is to broaden the analysis of gender-based violence in feminist security studies which focuses on large scale gender based violence in conflict areas (Eriksson Baaz and Stern 2014; Could and Agnich 2016) on the politics of gender-mainstreaming (Basu 2016, Pratt and Richter-Devroe 2011) by combining research on intimate partner violence (IPV) (Dobash & Dobash 1998; McKey 2005) in order to develop understanding how the large-scale and small-scale manifestations are linked and reflect hierarchic gender orders. I emphasize that in the context of feminist security studies it is

show abstract

“…Therefore the naming of Nazi persecution of homosexuals as genocide-that is, the articulation of genocide with homosexuality and queer experience-is important, and never more so than when new threats are being made. 107 Furthermore, the Akayesu case conviction of a male perpetrator in 1998 was crucially the first time that an individual was found guilty of committing genocide. This opened up more potential for the Convention to be operationalised.…”

Section: Nazi Germany and The Eradication Of Homosexualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genocide and Global Queer Politics

Waites

2017

Journal of Genocide Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article presents a critical analysis of the relationship between the concept genocide and global queer politics, offering an original mapping and examination of the discourse of genocide in this respect. Starting from the beginnings of genocide discourse with Lemkin and the Genocide Convention, existing literature is analyzed to reveal circumscribed usage in relation to nonheterosexual lives. The methodology combines analysis of genocide discourse with case studies. The article maps and analyzes the historically shifting form of genocide discourse, including through attention to the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, and demonstrates how the patriarchal and heteronormative origins of this discourse continue to have effects which exclude queer people. This analysis is developed, in particular, in relation to the absence of sexuality, gender, sexual orientation or gender identity as group categories in the United Nations Genocide Convention. Interwoven with this analysis of discourse, case study analysis is used in relation to 3 Nazi Germany, Uganda and The Gambia to establish genocidal processes focussed on homosexuality in each. The scope of claims for anti-homosexual genocide is thus extended in Nazi Germany and Uganda, and such a claim is initiated in The Gambia-while appreciating the complex relation of 'homosexuality' to African identities. It is also argued that new definitions of groups from the Rwanda Tribunal represent openings for some kinds of queer politics. The concluding section then draws on the discourse analyses of Foucault and postcolonial studies to initiate discussion of the potential discursive effects of invoking genocide in relation to homosexuality or queer politics, in particular contexts. It is argued that a greater consciousness of genocide in queer analysis and politics would be desirable, even while the existing terms of genocide discourse must be contested.

show abstract

Female Perpetrators of the Rwandan Genocide

Cited by 41 publications

References 12 publications

Age, Gender, and the Crime of Crimes: Toward a Life‐course Theory of Genocide Participation*

Age, Gender, and the Crime of Crimes: Toward a Life‐course Theory of Genocide Participation*

Gender Agency and Violence

Genocide and Global Queer Politics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About