Female Lynchings in the United States

Baker, David V.

doi:10.1177/2153368712459272

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…One reason for this lapse in the lynching scholarship is that significant error challenges the reliability of what little attention scholars have presented on the history of black female lynchings. The more widespread difficulties encountered in researching female lynchings involve uncovering factual inaccuracies on the gender and race of lynching victims, discerning victims who did not actually die from injuries suffered from mob violence, and identifying victims who more accurately perished from private murders or lawful executions unrelated to lynching activity (Baker, 2012). It is also difficult for researchers to ascertain black female lynchings because historical records often identify female victims as simply wife, mother, daughter, or sister without reference to a name (Huber, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A disconfirmed lynching means that the author found inaccurate information about the lynching in reputable sources such as a victim's race or gender, no death from a lynching, the lynching was a lawful execution, or the killing was a private murder. An unconfirmed lynching means that the author could not find any supporting evidence that the lynching actually took place (seeBaker, 2012). 3 Newspaper.ARCHIVES.com provides an online historical newspaper database containing newspapers from 1607 to the present.…”

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confidence: 99%

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An Analytical History of Black Female Lynchings In The United States, 1838-1969

Baker

Garcia

2019

Journal of Qualitative Criminal Justice &Amp; Criminology

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Narratives on the lynching of black females in the United States have rarely commanded much more than minor postscripts in the lynching scholarship, thus leaving the historical picture of lynching violence incomplete and distorted. To correct for this unfinished portrait of American lynchings, the present work provides a contextual history on black females victimized largely by white male terrorists. To distinguish black female lynchings and bring into sharper focus the wretched horror suffered by black women and young black girls, this work constructs an inventory of 188 confirmed cases of black females lynched mostly by white mobsters from 1838 to 1969. A contextual history of black female lynchings supports the notion that vigilante violence against black women and girls was a means of gendered racial oppression in American society; black female lynchings were symbolic and cautioned marginalized black women and girls to maintain their inferior place in society to white male supremacy. One objective of this paper is to bring voice to this population of black females wronged by the interlocking systems of gender, race, and class oppression in United States society. Regrettably, black female oppression as an artifact of gendered racism remains a formidable characteristic of today's society.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

An Analytical History of Black Female Lynchings In The United States, 1838-1969

Baker

Garcia

2019

Journal of Qualitative Criminal Justice &Amp; Criminology

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Explaining Gender Neutrality in Capital Punishment Research by Way of a Systematic Review of Studies Citing the ‘Espy File’

Schulze

2024

Sexes

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Peer-reviewed journal articles provide the data for this study, given that their findings undergird the quantitative data referenced by prominent organizations, courts, and policy-makers. The “Espy file”, based on the research of Major Watt Espy, Jr., is used to identify studies due to the dataset’s esteem and prolific usage. It is the largest known dataset of men’s and women’s executions in the United States since 1608 and has been of monumental significance to capital punishment research. The protocol established by the Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) is the methodology followed due to its conformity to scientific standards and acceptance in scholarly communities. The initial sampling frame involved 613 studies which were narrowed to 79 peer-reviewed journal articles that cited or utilized the Espy file. The empirical findings justify the contention that past and current studies, while interdisciplinary, require new voices and approaches to contribute to the study of capital punishment. Mainstream death penalty research does not generally incorporate critical theories including, for example, gender, intersectional, Black feminist, Queer, and other theories that focus less on quantitative data and more on how capital punishment is a reflection of institutional, historical, and social processes that are hierarchical and defined by power. The findings suggest that not only are executed women removed from many analyses, but so are inclusionary methodologies and theoretical approaches that could bolster the legitimacy of academic studies (inside academia as well as the judicial system) and our understanding of capital punishment in general.

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Female Lynchings in the United States

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

An Analytical History of Black Female Lynchings In The United States, 1838-1969

An Analytical History of Black Female Lynchings In The United States, 1838-1969

Explaining Gender Neutrality in Capital Punishment Research by Way of a Systematic Review of Studies Citing the ‘Espy File’

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