Female Genital Schistosomiasis

Hotez, Peter J.; Engels, Dirk; Gyapong, Margaret; Ducker, Camilla; Malecela, Mwelecele N.

doi:10.1056/nejmp1914709

Cited by 53 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In approximately half of the girls and women with S. haematobium infection, or an estimated 40 million girls and women in Africa [63], FGS causes gynecological morbidity marked by symptoms including postcoital bleeding, genital itch, genital discharge, and infertility. The infection additionally has been mean that the population, on average, is very young [14]; the solid red rectangle indicates individuals eligible for school-based mass drug administration (MDA), whereas the dot-dash rectangle indicates those currently included in community-based MDA.…”

Section: Morbidity In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosomiasis Control: Leave No Age Group Behind

Faust

Osakunor

Downs

et al. 2020

Trends in Parasitology

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Section: Morbidity In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosomiasis Control: Leave No Age Group Behind

Faust

Osakunor

Downs

et al. 2020

Trends in Parasitology

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“…Specifically, infections caused by the species, Schistosoma haematobium may result in bladder cancer and female genital schistosomiasis. The latter exacerbates transmission of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV (AIDS) [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PIWI silencing mechanism involving the retrotransposon nimbus orchestrates resistance to infection with Schistosoma mansoni in the snail vector, Biomphalaria glabrata

et al. 2021

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Background Schistosomiasis remains widespread in many regions despite efforts at its elimination. By examining changes in the transcriptome at the host-pathogen interface in the snail Biomphalaria glabrata and the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni, we previously demonstrated that an early stress response in juvenile snails, manifested by induction of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp 70) and Hsp 90 and of the reverse transcriptase (RT) domain of the B. glabrata non-LTR- retrotransposon, nimbus, were critical for B. glabrata susceptibility to S. mansoni. Subsequently, juvenile B. glabrata BS-90 snails, resistant to S. mansoni at 25°C become susceptible by the F2 generation when maintained at 32°C, indicating an epigenetic response. Methodology/Principal findings To better understand this plasticity in susceptibility of the BS-90 snail, mRNA sequences were examined from S. mansoni exposed juvenile BS-90 snails cultured either at 25°C (non-permissive temperature) or 32°C (permissive). Comparative analysis of transcriptomes from snails cultured at the non-permissive and permissive temperatures revealed that whereas stress related transcripts dominated the transcriptome of susceptible BS-90 juvenile snails at 32°C, transcripts encoding proteins with a role in epigenetics, such as PIWI (BgPiwi), chromobox protein homolog 1 (BgCBx1), histone acetyltransferase (BgHAT), histone deacetylase (BgHDAC) and metallotransferase (BgMT) were highly expressed in those cultured at 25°C. To identify robust candidate transcripts that will underscore the anti-schistosome phenotype in B. glabrata, further validation of the differential expression of the above transcripts was performed by using the resistant BS-90 (25°C) and the BBO2 susceptible snail stock whose genome has now been sequenced and represents an invaluable resource for molecular studies in B. glabrata. A role for BgPiwi in B. glabrata susceptibility to S. mansoni, was further examined by using siRNA corresponding to the BgPiwi encoding transcript to suppress expression of BgPiwi, rendering the resistant BS-90 juvenile snail susceptible to infection at 25°C. Given transposon silencing activity of PIWI as a facet of its role as guardian of the integrity of the genome, we examined the expression of the nimbus RT encoding transcript at 120 min after infection of resistant BS90 piwi-siRNA treated snails. We observed that nimbus RT was upregulated, indicating that modulation of the transcription of the nimbus RT was associated with susceptibility to S. mansoni in BgPiwi-siRNA treated BS-90 snails. Furthermore, treatment of susceptible BBO2 snails with the RT inhibitor lamivudine, before exposure to S. mansoni, blocked S. mansoni infection concurrent with downregulation of the nimbus RT transcript and upregulation of the BgPiwi encoding transcript in the lamivudine-treated, schistosome-exposed susceptible snails. Conclusions and significance These findings support a role for the interplay of BgPiwi and nimbus in the epigenetic modulation of plasticity of resistance/susceptibility in the snail-schistosome relationship.

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“…In addition, this imaging technique may be useful in the identification of testicle involvement (revealing edema or parenchymal alterations) [ 46 ]. Female genital schistosomiasis is considered an important threat to reproductive sexual health in endemic areas [ 47 ]: US may be useful to identify uterus, tube, or ovary involvement, although specific imaging alterations caused by schistosomiasis have not been highlighted yet (often these abnormalities may mimic genital tuberculosis) [ 46 ].…”

Section: X-rays Ultrasound and Computed Tomography Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Imaging in the Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis: A Review

et al. 2021

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Schistosomiasis is one of the most important parasitic diseases and it is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas. Clinical and laboratory data are fundamental for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis, but diagnostic imaging techniques such as x-rays, ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) may be helpful in the evaluation of disease severity and complications. In this context, the aim of this review is to explore the actual role of diagnostic imaging in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis, underlining advantages and drawbacks providing information about the utilization of diagnostic imaging techniques in this context. Furthermore, we aim to provide a useful guide regarding imaging features of schistosomiasis for radiology and nuclear medicine physicians of non-endemic countries: in fact, in the last years non-endemic countries have experienced important flows of migrants from endemic areas, therefore it is not uncommon to face cases of this disease in daily practice.

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Female Genital Schistosomiasis

Cited by 53 publications

References 5 publications

Schistosomiasis Control: Leave No Age Group Behind

Schistosomiasis Control: Leave No Age Group Behind

PIWI silencing mechanism involving the retrotransposon nimbus orchestrates resistance to infection with Schistosoma mansoni in the snail vector, Biomphalaria glabrata

Medical Imaging in the Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis: A Review

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