Female genital morphology in the secondarily haplogyne spider genus<i>Glenognatha</i>Simon, 1887 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae), with comments on its phylogenetic significance

Cabra-García, Jimmy; Hormiga, Gustavo; Brescovit, Antônio D.

doi:10.1002/jmor.20280

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 58 publications

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“…The secondary uterus externus in entelegyne spiders is usually associated with the fertilization tracts (Figs 1C, 1G and 2G–2K), a feature that is absent in Mesothelae [20], Mygalomorphae [21], and those Araneomorphae with haplogyne genitalia [1]. Special cases, such as the epigyna with fertilization groove slits that stop outside the epigastric furrow, no relation with the secondary uterus externus in some linyphiid groups (Fig 3A–3C), and the secondary haplogyny in the otherwise entelegyne family Tetragnathidae (Fig 3E), are all derived conditions [10,22,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative morphology refines the conventional model of spider reproduction

Zhan

Wu³

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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Our understanding of spider reproductive biology is hampered by the vast anatomical diversity and difficulties associated with its study. Although authors agree on the two general types of female spider genitalia, haplogyne (plesiomorphic) and entelegyne (apomorphic), our understanding of variation within each group mostly concerns the external genital part, while the internal connections with the reproductive duct are largely unknown. Conventionally and simplistically, the spermathecae of haplogynes have simple two-way ducts, and those of entelegynes have separate copulatory and fertilization ducts for sperm to be transferred in and out of spermathecae, respectively. Sperm is discharged from the spermathecae directly into the uterus externus (a distal extension of the oviduct), which, commonly thought as homologous in both groups, is the purported location of internal fertilization in spiders. However, the structural evolution from haplo- to entelegyny remains unresolved, and thus the precise fertilization site in entelegynes is ambiguous. We aim to clarify this anatomical problem through a widely comparative morphological study of internal female genital system in entelegynes. Our survey of 147 epigyna (121 examined species in 97 genera, 34 families) surprisingly finds no direct connection between the fertilization ducts and the uterus externus , which, based on the homology with basal-most spider lineages, is a dead-end caecum in entelegynes. Instead, fertilization ducts usually connect with a secondary uterus externus , a novel feature taking over the functional role of the plesiomorphic uterus externus . We hypothesize that the transition from haplo- to entelegyny entailed not only the emergence of the two separate duct systems (copulatory, fertilization), but also involved substantial morphological changes in the distal part of the oviduct. Thus, the common oviduct may have shifted its distal connection from the uterus externus to the secondary uterus externus , perhaps facilitating discharge of larger eggs. Our findings suggest that the conventional model of entelegyne reproduction needs redefinition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative morphology refines the conventional model of spider reproduction

Zhan

Wu³

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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Sexual Selection in Neotropical Spiders: Examples from Selected Groups

Costa-Schmidt

Albo

Bollatti

et al. 2017

Behaviour and Ecology of Spiders

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Burma Terrane Amber Fauna Shows Connections to Gondwana and Transported Gondwanan Lineages to the Northern Hemisphere (Araneae: Palpimanoidea)

Wood,

Wunderlich

2023

Systematic Biology

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Burmese amber is a significant source of fossils that documents the mid-Cretaceous biota. This deposit was formed around 99 Ma on the Burma Terrane, which broke away from Gondwana and later collided with Asia, although the timing is disputed. Palpimanoidea is a dispersal-limited group that was a dominant element of the Mesozoic spider fauna, and has an extensive fossil record, particularly from Burmese amber. Using morphological and molecular data, evolutionary relationships of living and fossil Palpimanoidea are examined. Divergence dating with fossils as terminal tips, followed by ancestral range estimations, shows timing of diversification is contemporaneous with continental break-up and that widespread ancestral ranges divide into lineages that inherit different Pangean fragments, consistent with vicariance. Our results suggest that the Burmese amber fauna has ties to Gondwana due to a historical connection in the Early Cretaceous, and that the Burma Terrane facilitated biotic exchange by transporting lineages from Gondwana into the Holarctic in the Cretaceous.

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Female genital morphology in the secondarily haplogyne spider genusGlenognathaSimon, 1887 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae), with comments on its phylogenetic significance

Cited by 3 publications

References 58 publications

Comparative morphology refines the conventional model of spider reproduction

Comparative morphology refines the conventional model of spider reproduction

Sexual Selection in Neotropical Spiders: Examples from Selected Groups

Burma Terrane Amber Fauna Shows Connections to Gondwana and Transported Gondwanan Lineages to the Northern Hemisphere (Araneae: Palpimanoidea)

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