Female gender and cardiovascular disease

Xuereb, Rachel; Magri, Caroline Jane; Xuereb, Sara; Xuereb, Mariosa; Zammit-Mangion, Marion; Xuereb, Robert G.

doi:10.12968/hmed.2016.77.8.454

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The different pathophysiological conditions of heart disease in women and the adverse cardiac outcomes caused by serum Mg deficiency may account for the sex-related differences found in this study. Women are more vulnerable than men to CVD ( 12 , 13 ) ; women also more often have a longer QTc interval than men ( 28 , 29 ) , which is associated with an increased risk of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias (such as torsade de pointes and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia) and sudden cardiac death ( 30 , 31 ) . Severe serum Mg deficiency has been correlated with torsade de pointes and certain ventricular tachycardia events; intravenous Mg is regarded as the treatment of choice in these cases, even if hypomagnesaemia is not present ( 32 , 33 ) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several retrospective studies have shown that low serum Mg was associated with an increased risk of hospitalisation and all-cause mortality ( 10 , 11 ) , the relationship between serum Mg and cardiovascular mortality in PD patients has not been rigorously studied. In addition, female patients in the general population are more vulnerable to CVD ( 12 , 13 ) . A prospective cohort study reported that higher plasma Mg concentrations and dietary Mg intake were associated with a lower risk of sudden cardiac death in women ( 14 ) .…”

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Serum magnesium and cardiovascular mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients: a 5-year prospective cohort study

Cao

Zhang

et al. 2018

Br J Nutr

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The aim of this study was to explore the association between serum Mg and cardiovascular mortality in the peritoneal dialysis (PD) population. This prospective cohort study included prevalent PD patients from a single centre. The primary outcome of this study was cardiovascular mortality. Serum Mg was assessed at baseline. A total of 402 patients (57 % male; mean age 49·3±14·9 years) were included. After a median of 49·9 months (interquartile range: 25·9-68·3) of follow-up, sixty-two patients (25·4 %) died of CVD. After adjustment for conventional confounders in multivariate Cox regression models, being in the lower quartile for serum Mg level was independently associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality, with hazards ratios of 2·28 (95 % CI 1·04, 5·01), 1·41 (95 % CI 0·63, 3·16) and 1·62 (95 % CI 0·75, 3·51) for the lowest, second and third quartiles, respectively. A similar trend was observed when all-cause mortality was used as the study endpoint. Further analysis showed that the relationships between lower serum Mg and higher risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality were present only in the female subgroup, and not among male patients. The test for interaction indicated that the associations between lower serum Mg and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality differed by sex (P=0·008 and P=0·011, respectively). In conclusion, lower serum Mg was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the PD population, especially among female patients.

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