Female foraging and male vigilance in white-tailed ptarmigan ( Lagopus leucurus ): opportunism or behavioural coordination?

Sentinel Behavior: A Review and Prospectus

“…One possible case of coordination without high positions is from mated pairs of ptarmigans. A complicated analysis found that females were more likely to feed when males were more vigilant (Artiss, Hochachka, & Martin, 1999). It would be worth testing for coordinated vigilance in mated pairs of ptarmigan and other animals.…”

Early exposure to low doses of atrazine affects behavior in juvenile and adult CD1 mice

“…Anti-predator behaviours were also found to vary according to sex in many bird species: males are generally more vigilant than females in species living in family as well as in foraging groups (jungle babbler Turdoides striatus : Gaston 1977; common eider Somateria mollissima: Ashcroft 1976), and in monogamous species (mallard Anas platyrhynchos : Asplund 1981; magpie Pica pica : Buitron 1983; grey partridge Perdix perdix : Jenkins 1961 andDessì-Fulgheri 1998). In the monogamous galliform white-tailed ptarmigan Lagopus leucurus, males spend more time in vigilance than females (Artiss et al 1999). In the grey partridge Perdix perdix, females spent more time near the males, which were more vigilant during laboratory mate choice experiments (Dahlgren 1990;Beani & Dessì-Fulgheri 1995).…”

Exogenous testosterone in male Downy Woodpeckers leads to reduced calling behavior of both males and their female partners during the non-breeding period

“…Combined, these results imply that mates can work together to protect one another from danger. There are numerous examples of this ''mate investment'' or ''mate protection'' behavior described in the avian literature (Hogstad 1995, Lemmon et al 1997, Artiss et al 1999, Kellam 2003b, Squires et al 2007). This concept may help explain two results from our T-implant studies.…”