Female fertility variation in maturePinus sylvestrisclonal seed orchards

Estimation of Clonal Variation in Seed Cone Production Over Time in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Seed Orchard

“…Fertility variation was greater in young populations and during poor flowering years. PRESCHER et al (2007) studied variation in cone production and seed set among grafted mature Scots pine clones and observed lower fertility variation with sibling coefficient of magnitude 1.3 and broad-sense heritability in the order of 0.6, supporting the earlier findings of KANG et al (2003), who found that fertility variation is lower in mature operational seed orchards. Forecasts based on observations in a single year do not seem reliable (LINDGREN et al, 2007) and the progression of development of cone production over many years has not been reported previously in Scots pine.…”

“…Correspondingly, the genetic coefficient of variation (CV C ) decreased sharply at first and later stabilized as all clones reached reproductive competence, reflecting the greater imbalance of clones contributing to the cone crop in the earlier life of the seed orchard. The genetic variation among clones in this orchard was low compared to other Scots pine seed orchards (PRESCHER et al, 2007). In a seed orchard with greater variation among clones, the phenotypic correlations may have been stronger.…”

“…Heritability estimates were based on phenotypic values not including clone-by-plot interaction which, if it had been included, would likely have been greater than in a real seed orchard receiving a single management regime. The development of the perarea seed production over time for Scots pine seed orchards in Sweden has been more fully considered in the works of PRESCHER et al (2007) and EL-KASSABY et al (2007), where the data from this seed orchard have been included.…”

Ecología evolutiva de la reproducción en dos pinos mediterráneos: Pinus pinaster Ait. y Pinus halepensis Mill.

“…Cone production (6 / 14) C 0.14-0.24 / 0.37-0.55 Picea abies Male / female flowering abundance (not reported) C 0.37 / 0.38 (Nikkanen & Ruotsalainen, 2000) Pinus elliottii Cone yield (14-17) / Flower production (4-6) C 0.50 / 0.49 (Varnell et al, 1967) Pinus halepensis Female flowering (3-4) / cone production (8-9) C 0.86-0.83 / 0.43-0.41 Pinus halepensis Cone production (9-10) F 0.68-0.57 (Matziris, 2000) Pinus halepensis Female reproductive allocation (11-15) F 0.29-0.63 (Santos-del- Pinus koraiensis Male / female strobili (15-18) C 0.34-0.56 / 0.20-0.46 (Choi et al, 2004) Pinus nigra Cone production (11-13) C 0.82-0.88 (Matziris, 1993) Pinus pinaster Male / female cone abundance (8-11) C 0.39-0.59 / 0.76-0.82 Pinus pinaster Female reproductive allocation (5) F 0.32-0.47 Pinus pinea Logcone yield (1-10) C 0.15 (Mutke et al, 2005) Pinus pinea Logcone yield (9) C 0.19 (Mutke et al, 2003) Pinus sylvestris Cone production (several seed orchards, review) C 0.24-0.78 (Prescher et al, 2007) Pinus sylvestris Log male flowers, log female flowers, log females cones (13-15) C 0.70 / 0.52-0.54 / 0.37-0.55 (Sivacioglu et al, 2009) …”

“…Trees are long lived organisms and have a considerably long reproductive period 17 from maturity to senescence 1994; Burczyk & Chalupka, 1997;Nikkanen & Ruotsalainen, 2000;29 Lindgren et al, 2004;Prescher et al, 2007). Since panmixia (equilibrated inter-crossing 30 among genotypes) is a basic assumption in seed orchard managent, deviations from 31 panmixia either via male of female sexual functions are a matter of concern as they 32 lower the genetic variability in the offspring .…”