Female entrepreneurs’ gender roles, social capital and willingness to choose external financing

Xu, Wang; Cai, Li; Zhu, Xiumei; Deng, Shengliang

doi:10.1057/s41291-020-00131-1

Cited by 30 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Sample of items that were deleted are: ''Not at all independent'', ''Women who are very assertive and independent don't have the concern about other people that most women have'', and ''I'd rather have a man as a boss at work than a woman.'' The exclusion procedure is consistent with a previous study by Wang et al (2020) that conducted the study within Chinese context. As the initial scales were developed within a Western context (Spence 1985;McCabe et al 2006), some of the items may not be relevant within Eastern context and hence, some adjustments were needed.…”

Section: Assessment Of Measurementsupporting

confidence: 59%

Explaining the Voluntary Compliance to COVID-19 Measures: An Extrapolation on the Gender Perspective

Paramita

Rostiani

Winahjoe

et al. 2021

Glob J Flex Syst Manag

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The discourse of gender amidst the COVID-19 pandemic had been a big fuss. Amongst the discussions is the gender-related responses to COVID-19 that generally assume females to better respond to COVID-19 than males. Despite the converging assumptions, previous studies tend to conceptualize gender as binary biological sex, and consequently, there is little understanding of the gender-COVID-19 measures compliance relationship. By taking gender as a multidimensional perspective, this research aims to examine the relationship between sex, gender psychology, and gender-role with voluntary compliance to COVID-19 measures as well as the moderating role of situational aspects that can activate individuals' responses toward COVID-19. A survey had been conducted in Indonesia, as Indonesia represents a country with relaxed COVID-19 restrictions making voluntary compliance is deemed important. Consistent with our predictions and previous studies, females tend to better comply with COVID-19 when gender is treated as dichotomous sex. However, a closer look at the gender dimensions revealed that gender psychology (feminine vs masculine) and gender-role (traditional vs egalitarian) provide a better explanation of the specific compliance behaviour toward COVID-19 measures. Interestingly, although situational pathogen avoidance (SPA) directly leads to adherence to several compliance behaviours, it does not moderate the four compliance behaviour of COVID-19 measures. Theoretical and practical contributions are further discussed.

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Section: Assessment Of Measurementsupporting

confidence: 59%

Explaining the Voluntary Compliance to COVID-19 Measures: An Extrapolation on the Gender Perspective

Paramita

Rostiani

Winahjoe

et al. 2021

Glob J Flex Syst Manag

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“…The role of external External support in the form of social interactionssocial relationships enhances women entrepreneurs' experiences. Social interactions reduce information asymmetries (Wang et al, 2020) and enhance women entrepreneurs' willingness to seek more external support and useful resources for business survival and growth (Leskinen, 2010). These external social relationships characterise the very nature of entrepreneurial networking for women (Aldrich et al, 1997;Aldrich and Zimmer, 1986;Starr and Yudkin, 1996) and can lead to innovative ideas and entrepreneurial solutions .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This creation of social relationships generates social capital that provides access to resources, e.g. finance, and reduces information gaps (Anderson and Jack, 2002;Wang et al, 2020). Underpinned by personal and emotional peerbased support, women entrepreneurs' external informal networks provide encouragement, learning and well-being (Brooks et al, 2018).…”

Section: Theoretical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Striving for balance: women entrepreneurs in Brazil, their multiple gendered roles and Covid-19

Ayatakshi-Endow

Steele²

2021

IJGE

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Purpose This paper aims to explore how women entrepreneurs in Brazil are managing their businesses and gendered role expectations at home in the context of Covid-19. Using the lenses of business-family interface theoretical construct, the paper seeks to explain how women are navigating the business and family commitments in the pandemic context. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts the interpretivist approach using Gioia methodology and 13 individual semi-structured interviews with women entrepreneurs in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Findings The findings demonstrate that women implement numerous strategies including reliance on social relationships within the family, and externally, to manage the home-business expectations. The findings also reveal entrepreneurial resilience and adaptability in the face of a crisis that marks how women entrepreneurs navigate challenges in their entrepreneurial journeys. Originality/value This paper contributes to the gender and entrepreneurship literature by giving greater visibility to women entrepreneurs in developing society in the context of the pandemic. This paper also demonstrates how negotiating gender roles can empower women entrepreneurs to challenge gendered norms.

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“…Other studies (e.g. Leitch et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2020) also confirmed the disadvantages of female entrepreneurs in seeking and obtaining external funding. Given the findings from these studies, it is difficult for female entrepreneurs to meet the development needs of their businesses and compete equally with their male counterparts.…”

Section: Female Entrepreneurs' Demand For and Supply Finance By Banks: A Mismatched Scenariomentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Many studies suggest that female entrepreneurs are discriminated against by banks because they lack collateral from ownership of property and banks are unwilling to accept household assets as collateral, they have an incomplete credit record and bank officials have little confidence in female entrepreneurs concerning their lower education attainment and training background (Isaga, 2019). In contrast, there are other scholars who have agreed that there is a lack of clear evidence of systematic gender discrimination in lending by financial institutions (Wang et al, 2020). However, many female entrepreneurs perceive or have witnessed this kind of discriminative treatment (Panda, 2018;Leitch et al, 2018;Isaga, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tripartite partnership between female entrepreneurs, banks and governments in female entrepreneurship-development: a case study of Zambia

Kamuhuza

Lodorfos

et al. 2021

IJOA

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Purpose This paper aims to provide insights on the void between the needs and demands of bank finance from female entrepreneurs and the supply, as well as the approaches of banks for that finance. In addition, it creates a conceptual framework recognising a tripartite and dynamic partnership amongst female entrepreneurs, banks and governments as essential to female entrepreneurship-development, based on Zambia as the context. Design/methodology/approach Concepts and theories are explained to construct a conceptual framework using the lens of multi-polar network theory and stakeholder engagement theory. In-depth discussions are facilitated through a bilateral partnership between each party and tripartite partnerships amongst female entrepreneurs, banks and governments. Findings The framework presents how female entrepreneurs, banks and governments are interconnected in the network as mutually benefiting stakeholders and shows their collective contribution to female entrepreneurship-development within certain contexts. The findings suggest that the sustainable development of female entrepreneurship depends on a dynamic tripartite partnership amongst female entrepreneurs, banks and governments. Research limitations/implications The conceptual framework has important implications when setting up a nation’s enterprise development strategies and policies promoting inclusivity and diversity amongst a nation’s entrepreneurs. The contributions and the dynamic relationship of the three stakeholder groups should be acknowledged and considered to achieve sustainable development in female entrepreneur enterprises. The framework can be generalised to other emerging economies with similar social, economic and cultural profiles to Zambia, particularly in sub-Saharan African countries with patriarchal norms. Originality/value This paper extends multi-polar (network) theory and stakeholder management engagement theory, previously explained in homogeneous firms, to more complex and dynamic partnerships amongst heterogeneous organisations, i.e. female entrepreneurs, banks and governments.

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Female entrepreneurs’ gender roles, social capital and willingness to choose external financing

Cited by 30 publications

References 58 publications

Explaining the Voluntary Compliance to COVID-19 Measures: An Extrapolation on the Gender Perspective

Explaining the Voluntary Compliance to COVID-19 Measures: An Extrapolation on the Gender Perspective

Striving for balance: women entrepreneurs in Brazil, their multiple gendered roles and Covid-19

The tripartite partnership between female entrepreneurs, banks and governments in female entrepreneurship-development: a case study of Zambia

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