Female Crime and Delinquency: A Kaleidoscope of Changes at the Intersection of Gender and Age

Abstract

This article discusses the role that gender and age play in female crime and delinquency in Portugal, drawing on the voices of female offenders across different generations-childhood, youth, and adulthood. Based on the analysis of 49 interviews with female offenders, it explores the ways in which these girls and women construct and account for their own criminal behavior. The results reveal a kaleidoscope of changes cutting across generational groups, punctuated by increasing involvement of younger groups in offending as a form of emancipation. Young and older female offenders show different patterns of offending, which reflect multiple and ambivalent old and new forms of femininity. Girls' and women's paths both to and in offending have their own idiosyncrasies. They also reflect the way gender is being constantly reconfigured and reconstructed through time, and in different social and institutional contexts.

Feminist Criminology and Women in Organized Crime: A Theoretical Exercise

“…It accumulated almost 50 years of a considerable body of gender-focused work, growing steadily in all countries in the 1980s and 1990s (e.g., Adler 1975;Simon 1975;Heidensohn 1985;Carlen 1988). Particularly in Portugal, this set of knowledge started in the 1980s and 1990s, and continued throughout the years FEMINIST CRIMINOLOGY AND WOMEN IN ORGANIZED CRIME (e.g., Carmo & Fráguas 1982;Beleza 1984;Cunha 2002;Matos 2007;Duarte 2012;Gomes & Granja 2015;Duarte & Guerreiro 2018;Gomes 2014;Gomes & Duarte 2018; Leote de Carvalho, Duarte, & Gomes 2021).…”