FEMALE CHOICE AND SEXUAL SELECTION OF MALE WING MELANIN PATTERN IN<i>PIERIS OCCIDENTALIS</i>(LEPIDOPTERA)

Wiernasz, Diane C.

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02617.x

Cited by 44 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…The 1991 study also indicated selection for increased melanin on the margins of the dorsal forewings (fm2). This is of interest because previous studies show that melanin in this wing region is correlated positively with mating success in male P. occidentalis in Colorado and at Corfu (Wiernasz 1989;Kingsolver unpubl. data).…”

Section: Selection and Polyphenism In Wing Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, we predict that hotter thermal environments will selectively favor lower values of hb and pv, and higher values of ds and ft4 (or correlated traits; see below), compared with cooler environments. Studies with P. occidentalis in Colorado show that aspects of melanin pattern are also important in female choice of male mates (Wiernasz 1989). Experimental manipulations of pattern demonstrate that males with less melanin on the marginal and transverse bands of the DFW have a lower acceptance rate as mates by females (Wiernasz 1989).…”

Section: Analyzing Melanin Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies with P. occidentalis in Colorado show that aspects of melanin pattern are also important in female choice of male mates (Wiernasz 1989). Experimental manipulations of pattern demonstrate that males with less melanin on the marginal and transverse bands of the DFW have a lower acceptance rate as mates by females (Wiernasz 1989). Preliminary observations of P. occidentalis at the Corfu site suggest similar effects of marginal DFW pattern on female choice (Kingsolver unpubl.…”

Section: Analyzing Melanin Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viability Selection on Seasonally Polyphenic Traits: Wing Melanin Pattern in Western White Butterflies

Kingsolver

1995

Evolution

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Abstract.-Wing melanin pattern varies seasonally among generations in many populations of the butterfly Pontia occidentalis, leading to distinctly different wing phenotypes during spring and summer generations. Estimates of directional selection on wing pattern can therefore quantify the imperfection of this phenotypically plastic (polyphenic) response in generating "optimal" phenotypes for each seasonal generation. Mark-release-recapture (MRR) studies were used to estimate directional selection on six wing traits in a natural population of P. occidentalis during both spring and summer weather conditions. Estimated survival and recapture probabilities varied substantially among the four MRR studies. When differences between males and females were detected, the survival and recapture probabilities were higher for males than for females. Estimated selection coefficients suggested that the direction of selection on one wing trait important for thermoregulation, melanin on the base of the dorsal hindwings (trait hb), fluctuated seasonally; there was evidence of directional selection for increased hb in the spring studies and for decreased hb in the summer studies. Such fluctuating seasonal selection on hb implies that the seasonal polyphenic response may not be sufficient to eliminate selection on this trait; the slope of the reaction-norm mapping hb onto seasonal environmental cues is too shallow, resulting in further selection on the reaction norm. Adaptive evolution of the reaction norm may be constrained by .phenotypic and genetic correlations with other wing traits that experience different patterns of selection and by variable weather conditions within seasons and among years.

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Section: Selection and Polyphenism In Wing Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analyzing Melanin Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analyzing Melanin Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viability Selection on Seasonally Polyphenic Traits: Wing Melanin Pattern in Western White Butterflies

Kingsolver

1995

Evolution

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“…It has been considered an accelerator for heat gain (e.g. Kettlewell, 1973;Kingsolver and Wiernasz, 1991;Clusella-Trullas et al, 2007;Reguera et al, 2014); however, it also is associated with UV radiation protection (Gunn, 1998;Callaghan et al, 2004;Calbó et al, 2005;Reguera et al, 2014), crypsis (Kettlewell, 1973;Endler, 1984;Reguera et al, 2014) and intra-specific communication or sexual selection (Wiernasz, 1989;Fedorka et al, 2013). Additionally, the advantages of melanism may be associated with local conditions (local adaptation; Castella et al, 2013), as a result of phenotypic plasticity (Alho et al, 2010) or the interaction between predator avoidance and thermoregulation (Lindstedt et al, 2009).…”

Section: D O N O S O B a R R O S I L J O S E I L M A R T O R mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of body mass and melanism on heat balance inLiolaemuslizards of thegoetschiclade

Azócar

Bonino

Perotti

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The body temperature of ectotherms depends on the environmental temperatures and behavioral adjustments, but morphology may also have an effect. For example, in colder environments, animals tend to be larger and to show higher thermal inertia, as proposed by Bergmann's rule and the heat balance hypothesis (HBH). Additionally, dark coloration increases solar radiation absorption and should accelerate heat gain (thermal melanism hypothesis, TMH). We tested Bergmann's rule, the HBH and the TMH within the Liolaemus goetschi lizard clade, which shows variability in body size and melanic coloration. We measured heating and cooling rates of live and euthanized animals, and tested how morphology and color affect these rates. Live organisms show less variable and faster heating rates compared with cooling rates, suggesting behavioral and/or physiological adjustments. Our results support Bergmann's rule and the HBH, as larger species show slower heating and cooling rates. However, we did not find a clear pattern to support the TMH. The influence of dorsal melanism on heating by radiation was masked by the body size effect in live animals, and results from euthanized individuals also showed no clear effects of melanism on heating rates. Comparison among three groups of live individuals with different degrees of melanism did not clarify the influence of melanism on heating rates. However, when euthanized animals from the same three groups were compared, we observed that darker euthanized animals actually heat faster than lighter ones, favoring the TMH. Although unresolved aspects remain, body size and coloration influenced heat exchange, suggesting complex thermoregulatory strategies in these lizards, probably regulated through physiology and behavior, which may allow these small lizards to inhabit harsh weather environments.

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“…Melanins are a ubiquitous class of pigments present in a large variety of taxa (Hill 1992). Levels of pigmentation have been assumed to be adaptive through processes as diverse as camouflage (Kettlewell 1976), sexual display (Wiernasz 1989;Senar 1999), thermoregulation (Watt 1968), disease resistance (Barnes andSiva-Jothy 2000, Wilson et al 2001), photoprotection (Ortonne 2002), and strengthening of plant cells and insect cuticles (Riley 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cost of Melanization: Butterfly Wing Coloration Underenvironmental Stress

2004

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Abstract. Evolutionary studies typically focus on adaptations to particular environmental conditions, thereby often ignoring the role of possible constraints. Here we focus on the case of variation in dorsal wing melanization in a satyrine butterfly Pararge aegeria. Because melanin is a complex polymer, its synthesis may be constrained if ambient conditions limit the resource budget. This hypothesis was tested by comparing melanization among butterflies that fed as larvae on host grasses experiencing different drought-stress treatments. Treatment differences were validated both at the level of the host plant (nitrogen, carbonate, and water content) and of the butterfly (life-history traits: survival, development time, and size at maturity). Melanization rate was measured as average gray value of the basal dorsal wing area. This area, close to the thorax, is known to be functionally significant for basking in order to thermoregulate. Individuals reared on drought-stressed host plants developed paler wings, and development of darker individuals was slower and less stable as estimated by their level of fluctuating asymmetry. These results provide evidence that melanin is indeed costly to synthesize, and that differences in environmental quality can induce phenotypic variation in wing melanization. Therefore, studies dealing with spatial and/or temporal patterns of variation in wing melanization should not focus on adaptive explanations alone, but rather on a cost-benefit balance under particular sets of environmental conditions.

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FEMALE CHOICE AND SEXUAL SELECTION OF MALE WING MELANIN PATTERN INPIERIS OCCIDENTALIS(LEPIDOPTERA)

Cited by 44 publications

References 61 publications

Viability Selection on Seasonally Polyphenic Traits: Wing Melanin Pattern in Western White Butterflies

Viability Selection on Seasonally Polyphenic Traits: Wing Melanin Pattern in Western White Butterflies

Effect of body mass and melanism on heat balance inLiolaemuslizards of thegoetschiclade

The Cost of Melanization: Butterfly Wing Coloration Underenvironmental Stress

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