Female and male C57BL/6J offspring exposed to maternal obesogenic diet develop altered hypothalamic energy metabolism in adulthood

Kulhanek, Debra; Abrahante, Juan E.; Buckley, Lauren; Tkáč, Ivan; Rao, Raghavendra; Paulsen, Megan E.

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00100.2022

Cited by 6 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…We observed that adult male offspring from obese mothers had higher body weight and food intake than offspring from CON mothers, confirming that maternal obesity can increase the risk of obesity in offspring, at least in males. This sex-specific response has been observed in some, 22,23 but not all, 24,25 previous rodent model studies investigating the transgenerational impact of maternal obesity. Previous work in rodent models suggests this hyperphagic/ obesogenic response may be mediated, at least partially, by altered expression of central appetite reward systems including preferential enhancement of orexigenic (NPY/AgRP) versus anorexigenic neural peptide signaling in the hypothalamus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Maternal pea fiber supplementation to a high calorie diet in obese pregnancies protects male offspring from metabolic dysfunction in adulthood

Andreani,

Mahmood,

Patel

et al. 2023

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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We investigated the influence of maternal yellow-pea fiber supplementation in obese pregnancies on offspring metabolic health in adulthood. Sixty newly-weaned female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to either a low-calorie control diet (CON) or high calorie obesogenic diet (HC) for 6-weeks. Obese animals were then fed either the HC diet alone or the HC diet supplemented with yellow-pea fiber (HC + FBR) for an additional 4-weeks prior to breeding and throughout gestation and lactation. On postnatal day (PND) 21, 1 male and 1 female offspring from each dam were weaned onto the CON diet until adulthood (PND 120) for metabolic phenotyping. Adult male, but not female, HC offspring demonstrated increased body weight and feed intake vs CON offspring, however no protection was offered by maternal FBR supplementation. HC male and female adult offspring demonstrated increased serum glucose and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) compared with CON offspring. Maternal FBR supplementation improved glycemic control in male, but not female offspring. Compared with CON offspring, male offspring from HC dams demonstrated marked dyslipidemia (higher serum cholesterol, increased number of TG-rich lipoproteins, and smaller LDL particles) which was largely normalized in offspring from HC + FBR mothers. Male offspring born to obese mothers (HC) had higher hepatic TG, which tended to be lowered (p = 0.07) by maternal FBR supplementation. Supplementation of a maternal high calorie diet with yellow-pea fiber in prepregnancy and throughout gestation and lactation protects male offspring from metabolic dysfunction in the absence of any change in body weight status in adulthood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Maternal pea fiber supplementation to a high calorie diet in obese pregnancies protects male offspring from metabolic dysfunction in adulthood

Andreani,

Mahmood,

Patel

et al. 2023

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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“…We observed that adult male offspring from HC-CP mothers had higher body weights and food intakes than offspring from CON mothers, confirming that maternal obesity can increase the risk of obesity in offspring, at least in males. This sex-specific response has been observed in some [ 45 , 46 ], but not all [ 47 , 48 ], previous rodent model studies investigating the transgenerational impact of maternal obesity. Chang et al (2019) reported that male mouse offspring born to mothers fed a high-fat diet before conception had greater weight gain and subcutaneous adipose mass compared with their female counterparts when exposed to a postnatal high-fat diet challenge [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Maternal Pea Protein Intake Provides Sex-Specific Protection against Dyslipidemia in Offspring from Obese Pregnancies

et al. 2023

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Increased consumption of dietary pulse protein has been shown to assist in body weight regulation and improve a range of metabolic health outcomes. We investigated if the exchange of casein for yellow pea protein (YPPN) in an obese-inducing maternal diet throughout pregnancy and lactation offered protection against obesity and dyslipidemia in offspring. Sixty female Sprague Dawley rats were fed a low-calorie control diet (CON), a high-caloric obesity-inducing diet (with casein protein (CP), HC-CP), or an isocaloric/macronutrient-matched HC diet supplemented with YPPN isolate (HC-PPN) in pre-pregnancy, gestation, and lactation. Body weight (BW) and metabolic outcomes were assessed in male and female offspring at weaning and in adulthood after consuming the CON diet in the postnatal period. Consumption of the HC-PPN diet did not protect against maternal obesity but did improve reproductive success compared with the HC-CP group (72.7% versus 43.7%) and reduced total energy, fat, and protein in maternal milk. Male, but not female, offspring from mothers fed the HC-CP diet demonstrated hyperphagia, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation as adults compared with CON offspring. Isocaloric exchange of CP for YPPN in a high-calorie obese-inducing diet did not protect against obesity but did improve several aspects of lipid metabolism in adult male offspring including serum total cholesterol, LDL/VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), and hepatic TG concentration. Our results suggest that the exchange of CP for YPPN in a maternal obese-inducing diet selectively protects male offspring from the malprogramming of lipid metabolism in adulthood.

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“…A Brazilian cohort study conducted in 2015 revealed that 47% of women were classified as overweight or obese before pregnancy [4]. In addition, obesity in children and adolescents (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) years old) has increased significantly. In 1975, the global prevalence of obesity was 0.7% among girls and 0.9% among boys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These outcomes include impaired glucose metabolism and liver function, hyperactivity, cardiovascular disease, and obesity [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Maternal obesity can affect weight gain in offspring through various mechanisms, including its impact on hyperphagic mechanisms [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Dependent Variations in Hypothalamic Fatty Acid Profile and Neuropeptides in Offspring Exposed to Maternal Obesity and High-Fat Diet

Baqueiro,

Simino,

Costa

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Maternal obesity and/or high-fat diet (HF) consumption can disrupt appetite regulation in their offspring, contributing to transgenerational obesity and metabolic diseases. As fatty acids (FAs) play a role in appetite regulation, we investigated the maternal and fetal levels of FAs as potential contributors to programmed hyperphagia observed in the offspring of obese dams. Female mice were fed either a control diet (CT) or HF prior to mating, and fetal and maternal blood and tissues were collected at 19 days of gestation. Elevated levels of linoleic acid were observed in the serum of HF dams as well as in the serum of their fetuses. An increased concentration of eicosadienoic acid was also detected in the hypothalamus of female HF-O fetuses. HF-O male fetuses showed increased hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (Npy) gene expression, while HF-O female fetuses showed decreased hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) protein content. Both male and female fetuses exhibited reduced hypothalamic neurogenin 3 (NGN-3) gene expression. In vitro experiments confirmed that LA contributed to the decreased gene expression of Pomc and Ngn-3 in neuronal cells. During lactation, HF female offspring consumed more milk and had a higher body weight compared to CT. In summary, this study demonstrated that exposure to HF prior to and during gestation alters the FA composition in maternal serum and fetal serum and hypothalamus, particularly increasing n-6, which may play a role in the switch from POMC to NPY neurons, leading to increased weight gain in the offspring during lactation.

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Female and male C57BL/6J offspring exposed to maternal obesogenic diet develop altered hypothalamic energy metabolism in adulthood

Cited by 6 publications

References 100 publications

Maternal pea fiber supplementation to a high calorie diet in obese pregnancies protects male offspring from metabolic dysfunction in adulthood

Maternal pea fiber supplementation to a high calorie diet in obese pregnancies protects male offspring from metabolic dysfunction in adulthood

Maternal Pea Protein Intake Provides Sex-Specific Protection against Dyslipidemia in Offspring from Obese Pregnancies

Sex-Dependent Variations in Hypothalamic Fatty Acid Profile and Neuropeptides in Offspring Exposed to Maternal Obesity and High-Fat Diet

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