Female African wild dogs emigrate

Frame, Lory Herbison; Frame, George W.

doi:10.1038/263227a0

Cited by 107 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Exceptions to this pattern provide the strongest available support for the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis: in the few species in which males usually stay in their natal troop, females transfer (e.g. wild dogs, Lyeaon pietus, Frame & Frame 1976; chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, Pusey 1980). It seems as if one sex has to transfer, presumably to escape inbreeding depression.…”

Section: % Ioo0 3000mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are dispersal and inbreeding avoidance related?

1984

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Abstract. Sex differences in dispersal and inter-group transfer by birds and mammals are often considered to be evolved responses to the phenomenon of inbreeding depression. This belief is derived from 'natural selection logic', which holds that (1) because inbreeding depression is demonstrably costly, selection must have acted to minimize its occurrence, and (2) as sex differences in dispersal often appear to be the only thing preventing inbreeding, these sex differences must be the expected adaptations for avoiding inbreeding depression. However, although the sex differences in median dispersal distance observed among many small mammals and birds may reduce average levels of inbreeding within a population, they nevertheless leave the majority of individuals 'at risk' for inbreeding; such differences can be responses to inbreeding depression only in a group selection model. Furthermore, natal dispersal by both sexes occurs in many group-living species. In these species, emigration by individuals of one sex cannot easily be attributed to avoiding inbreeding because opposite-sex relatives also emigrate. Though most authors acknowledge that sexual dispersal patterns may be epiphenomenal consequences of other factors (e.g. intrasexual aggression), this point is rarely considered further. In this paper we critically review several frequently cited examples of differential dispersal, and conclude that 'other factors', such as intrasexual competition and territory choice, explain these observations more completely and consistently than does the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis. Observed dispersal patterns simply reflect sex differences in the balance between the advantages of philopatry and the costs of intrasexual competition.

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Section: % Ioo0 3000mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than 45 of males remain in their natal group and inherit the pack's territory, whereas nearly all females emigrate (Frame & Frame 1976;Frame et al 1979). As discussed above, both Packer (1979) and Greenwood (1980) cite this female-biased dispersal to support the inbreeding-avoidance hypothesis.…”

Section: Wild Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are dispersal and inbreeding avoidance related?

1984

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“…packs/100 km 2 ). Annual wild dog ranges have been reported to overlap only by 30-35% in Kruger (Reich, 1981) and between 10-50% in the Serengeti (Frame & Frame, 1976), thus higher pack densities were probably a consequence of an increase in range overlap within metapopulation reserves, a reduction in pack home range sizes, or both.…”

Section: Elevated Population Densitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Demography and Dynamics of an Expanding, Managed African Wild Dog Metapopulation

Davies‐Mostert¹,

Mills²,

Macdonald³

2015

African Journal of Wildlife Research

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Long-term demographic data are central for the evaluation of endangered species recovery plans. We present the demography and dynamics of a managed African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) metapopulation in South Africa, based on life histories of 553 individually known animals collected between 1998 and 2006. This metapopulation, distributed across nine sites (and not including Kruger National Park), was established through reintroductions (n = 9 events) and maintained by periodic augmentation (n = 10 events) and translocation (n = 20 events). In total, 66 founders were used to establish subpopulations and mean founder group size was 9.6 animals. The metapopulation grew from 17 individuals in 1998 to a peak of 202 in 2005. Mean annual population density was 3.3 (S.E. 0.44) wild dogs/100 km 2 , approaching the upper limit of densities reported from unmanaged populations. Mean size of breeding packs was 11.0 (S.E. 0.76), comparable to pack sizes in Kruger National Park (Kruger), the only viable unmanaged population in South Africa. Fecundity was lower than in Kruger -particularly in the older age classes. Pup survival to adulthood was 45% -nearly three times the survival rate for pups in Kruger. Mean annual population growth rate (ë = 1.08, S.E. 0.13) was higher than in unmanaged populations (range 1.000-1.038), with implications for population viability and management.

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“…Resident females disappeared after the arrival of the immigrants, suggesting that their territories may have been taken over. Such group dispersal is common among male lions, Panthero leo, (Bygott et al 1979) and female wild dogs, Lycaon pictus, (Frame & Frame 1977).…”

Section: Movement Of Badgers In a High-density Population L M Rogermentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement of badgers (Meles meles) in a high–density population: individual, population and disease effects

Rogers

Delahay

Cheeseman

et al. 1998

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

122

177

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The movement of 1763 badgers trapped between 36 social groups in Woodchester Park, Gloucestershire, over 18 years was analysed to determine the frequency and duration of moves, the factors associated with a predisposition to move and the spatial pattern of movements. Of those badgers whose capture history could be categorized, nearly half had moved. Of these, 73.1% were classi¢ed as`occasional movers', 22.1% as`permanent movers' and 4.8% as`frequent movers'. Most adult badgers that moved made occasional moves (78.8%, n 67). Cubs made all types of move including permanent moves (29%, n 10). Seventy per cent of females were non-movers compared with 37% of males. Badgers were signi¢cantly more likely to move to smaller groups, whereas male badgers were signi¢cantly more likely to move to groups with a greater proportion of females. The spatial pattern of movement di¡ered from the distribution of groups with bovine tuberculosis in the study area. However, temporal changes in movement were signi¢cantly related to the incidence of Mycobacterium bovis infection in the following year, indicating that as the movement of badgers between groups varies so does the incidence of bovine tuberculosis in the population. This ¢nding is of central importance in the formulation of badger control policy.

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Female African wild dogs emigrate

Cited by 107 publications

References 3 publications

Are dispersal and inbreeding avoidance related?

Are dispersal and inbreeding avoidance related?

The Demography and Dynamics of an Expanding, Managed African Wild Dog Metapopulation

Movement of badgers (Meles meles) in a high–density population: individual, population and disease effects

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