FEM Simulations of Incremental Permeability Signals of a Multi-Layer Steel With Consideration of the Hysteretic Behavior of Each Layer

Gabi, Yasmine; Wolter, Bernd; Gerbershagen, Andreas; Ewen, Michaela; Braun, Peter; Martins, Olivier

doi:10.1109/tmag.2013.2285936

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Section 4.2 describes the 3MA applications on strip steel in detail [51,52]. For thin strip, heavy plate, and large forged steel components, 3MA is mainly used to determine the parameters of the tensile test, e.g., tensile strength Rm and yield strength Rp0.2 [52,53]. In further processing, when the steel sheets are cold or hot formed, 3MA is used for determining the mechanical properties and also the residual stress or spring back angle [54][55][56][57].…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive Testing with 3MA—An Overview of Principles and Applications

2019

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More than three decades ago, at Fraunhofer IZFP, research activities that were related to the application of micromagnetic methods for nondestructive testing (NDT) of the microstructure and the properties of ferrous materials commenced. Soon, it was observed that it is beneficial to combine the measuring information from several micromagnetic methods and measuring parameters. This was the birth of 3MA-the micromagnetic multi-parametric microstructure and stress analysis. Since then, 3MA has undergone a remarkable development. It has proven to be one of the most valuable testing techniques for the nondestructive characterization of metallic materials. Nowadays, 3MA is well accepted in industrial production and material research. Over the years, several equipment variants and a wide range of probe heads have been developed, ranging from magnetic microscopes with µm resolution up to large inspection systems for in-line strip steel inspection. 3MA is extremely versatile, as proved by a huge amount of reported applications, such as the quantitative determination of hardness, hardening depth, residual stress, and other material parameters. Today, specialized 3MA systems are available for manual or automated testing of various materials, semi-finished goods, and final products that are made of steel, cast iron, or other ferromagnetic materials. This paper will provide an overview of the historical development, the basic principles, and the main applications of 3MA.

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Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive Testing with 3MA—An Overview of Principles and Applications

2019

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“…Tetsuya Uchimoto evaluated the creep-induced microstructural changes in 12Cr-Mo-V-W microstructure under different creep test conditions by using the MIP method [ 8 , 9 ]. G. Dobmann et al [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ] detected the incremental permeability of the material based on hysteresis loops using eddy current coils and proposed a semi-analytical modeling method, and fused the MIP with MBN and other detection techniques to create the 3MA detection method. MIP and MBN can be used to characterize the stress and microstructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and Microstructures Characterization Based on Magnetic Incremental Permeability and Magnetic Barkhausen Noise Techniques

Sheng,

Wang,

Yang

et al. 2024

Materials

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Both microstructure and stress affect the structure and kinematic properties of magnetic domains. In fact, microstructural and stress variations often coexist. However, the coupling of microstructure and stress on magnetic domains is seldom considered in the evaluation of microstructural characteristics. In this investigation, Magnetic incremental permeability (MIP) and magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) techniques are used to study the coupling effect of characteristic microstructure and stress on the reversible and irreversible motions of magnetic domains, and the quantitative relationship between microstructure and magnetic domain characteristics is established. Considering the coupling effect of microstructure and stress on magnetic domains, a patterned characterization method of microstructure and stress is innovatively proposed. Pattern recognition based on the Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) model is realized for microstructure and stress with an accuracy rate higher than 97%. The results show that the pattern recognition accuracy of magnetic domain features and micro-magnetic features simultaneously as input parameters is higher than that of micro-magnetic features alone as input parameters.

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“…The Fraunhofer Institute in Germany proposed the micro-magnetic, multi-parameter, micro-structure and stress analysis (3MA) technology. As well as this, the Fraunhofer Institute, using a multiple regression model, established a testing system to test mechanical properties based on 3MA technology [ 1 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Mechanical Properties of Cold-Rolled Steel Strips Using Micro-Magnetic NDT Technologies

2022

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Multiple micro-magnetic non-destructive testing (NDT) technologies are suitable candidates for predicting the mechanical properties of cold-rolled steel strips. In this work, based on magnetic domain dynamics behavior and magnetization theory, the correlation between electromagnetic characteristics extracted by multiple micro-magnetic NDT technologies and the influence factors was investigated. It was found that temperature and tension can subsequently affect the electromagnetic parameters by altering the domain structure and domain walls’ motion properties. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were employed to reflect the dependence of micromagnetic characteristics on influencing factors. The lift-off was determined as the largest influence factor among influence factors. A pseudo-static detection was reached by polynomial fitting, which could eliminate the influence of lift-off on the detection results. The number of training models was optimized, and the detection accuracy was improved via the improved Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) model, based on the Gaussian Mixture Clustering (GMC) algorithm.

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FEM Simulations of Incremental Permeability Signals of a Multi-Layer Steel With Consideration of the Hysteretic Behavior of Each Layer

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Nondestructive Testing with 3MA—An Overview of Principles and Applications

Nondestructive Testing with 3MA—An Overview of Principles and Applications

Stress and Microstructures Characterization Based on Magnetic Incremental Permeability and Magnetic Barkhausen Noise Techniques

Predicting Mechanical Properties of Cold-Rolled Steel Strips Using Micro-Magnetic NDT Technologies

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