FEM modeling of the reinforcement mechanism of Hydroxyapatite in PLLA scaffolds produced by supercritical drying, for Tissue Engineering applications

Cappetti

et al. 2018

Symmetry

Abstract:In this article, the authors propose a novel procedure for designing a customized 3D-printed surgical template to guide surgeons in inserting screws into the sacral zone during arthrodesis surgeries. The template is characterized by two cylindrical guides defined by means of trajectories identified, based on standard procedure, via an appropriate Computer-Aided-Design (CAD)-based procedure. The procedure is based on the definition of the insertion direction by means of anatomical landmarks that enable the screws to take advantage of the maximum available bone path. After 3D printing, the template adheres perfectly to the bone surface, showing univocal positioning by exploiting the foramina of the sacrum, great maneuverability due to the presence of an ergonomic handle, as well as a break system for the two independent guides. These features make the product innovative. Thanks to its small size and the easy anchoring, the surgeon can simply position the template on the insertion area and directly insert the screws, without alterations to standard surgical procedures. This has the effect of reducing the overall duration of the surgery and the patient's exposure to X-rays, and increasing both the safety of the intervention and the quality of the results.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Procedure for Designing and 3D Printing a Customized Surgical Template for Arthrodesis Surgery on the Sacrum

Cappetti

et al. 2018

Symmetry

Adv Healthcare Materials

“…In the gas-foaming method, SCF plasticizes the glassy biomaterials after saturation and results in foaming of the polymers for the formation of the porous scaffolds and sponges [ 154 ] with normal porosity. Polymers from natural (alginate, [ 155 ] chitosan [ 154b , 156 ] ) and synthetic (poly(methyl vinyl ether- co -maleic anhydride) (PVM-MA), [ 85a , 154a ] PLA, [ 152 ] PLGA [ 157 ] ) origin and bioceramics such as HAp [ 158 ] act as a template to promote tissue growth. [ 23t , 33a , 159 ] This foaming of biodegradable polymers has numerous advantageous [ 160 ] and applicable in various fields of tissue engineering such as periodontal regeneration, bone formation, cartilage development, repair of nasal and auricular malformations, as artificial corneas, in ligament replacement, in tumors, and in tendon repair.…”

Section: Tissue Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 153a ] These scaffolds prepared by the SCF-based technology tend to show biological acceptance and function as a temporary support for the tissue regeneration by preserving the ability of cells to proliferate, as well as controlling cell function, growth, reorganization, and possibly neovas cularization. [ 33a , 158 , 173 ] Apart from cell attachment, these porous scaffolds prepared by SCF processes are also utilized to release precise amounts of guest species [ 23t ] i.e., essential growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), [ 174 ] transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF- β 3), [ 175 ] basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), [ 176 ] and others. [ 177 ] All these preparations by homogeneously incorporating various signaling moieties promote cell infiltration, adhesion, migration, expansion, and differentiation.…”

Section: Tissue Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical Fluid Technology: An Emphasis on Drug Delivery and Related Biomedical Applications

Kankala

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2017

222

184

During the past few decades, supercritical fluid (SCF) has emerged as an effective alternative for many traditional pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. Operating active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) alone or in combination with various biodegradable polymeric carriers in high-pressure conditions provides enhanced features with respect to their physical properties such as bioavailability enhancement, is of relevance to the application of SCF in the pharmaceutical industry. Herein, recent advances in drug delivery systems manufactured using the SCF technology are reviewed. We provide a brief description of the history, principle, and various preparation methods involved in the SCF technology. Next, we aim to give a brief overview, which provides an emphasis and discussion of recent reports using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) for fabrication of polymeric carriers, for applications in areas related to drug delivery, tissue engineering, bio-imaging, and other biomedical applications. We finally summarize with perspectives.

“…The integration of advanced computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) engineering software systems and medicine is increasingly advanced, both in the field of tissue regrowth through scaffolds and in the design/production of surgical devices . This work relates to innovative surgical devices used in the stabilization of the vertebral column in spinal arthrodesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel design for a customized, 3D‐printed surgical template for thoracic spinal arthrodesis

Fontana

Robotics Computer Surgery

et al. 2019

Background The integration of computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) tools and medicine is rapidly developing for designing medical devices. A novel design for a 3D‐printed patient‐specific surgical template for thoracic pedicle screw insertion, using a procedure based on reverse engineering, is presented. Methods The surgeon chooses the entry point on the vertebra. The optimal insertion direction and the size of the screws are defined via an algorithm on the basis of a patient‐specific vertebra CAD model. The template features an innovative shape for a comfortable and univocal placement and a novel disengaging device. Results Three spinal fusions were performed to test the template. Excellent results were achieved in terms of the accuracy of the screw positioning, reduction in surgery duration, and number of X‐rays. Conclusions A novel design for a customized, 3D‐printed surgical template for thoracic spinal arthrodesis was presented, and improvements in terms of precision, duration, and safety were achieved without changing the standard procedure.