Fellow Eye Deficits in Amblyopia

Birch, Eileen E.; Kelly, Krista R.; Giaschi, Deborah

doi:10.1080/2576117x.2019.1624440

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(141 reference statements)

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“…The FEs of many amblyopes are not as good as those in normally sighted people, because recent scientific evidence showed that ocular motor, visual, and visuomotor deficits were present with fellow eye monocular viewing and with binocular viewing. [57][58][59][60] Training may have general effects on FE acuity. Nevertheless, our results suggest that monocular and dichoptic perceptual learning are both effective in improving AE visual acuity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dichoptic Perceptual Training in Children With Amblyopia With or Without Patching History

Liu

Zhang

Gao

et al. 2021

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE.Dichoptic training is becoming a popular tool in amblyopia treatment. Here we investigated the effects of dichoptic demasking training in children with amblyopia who never received patching treatment (NPT group) or were no longer responsive to patching (PT group). METHODS.Fourteen NPT and thirteen PT amblyopes (6-16.5 years; 24 anisometropic, two strabismus, and one mixed) received dichoptic demasking training for 17 to 22 sessions. They used the amblyopic eye (AE) to practice contrast discrimination between a pair of Gabors that were dichoptically masked by a band-filtered noise pattern simultaneously presented in the fellow eye (FE). Dichoptic learning was quantified by the increase of maximal tolerable noise contrast (TNC) for AE contrast discrimination. Computerized visual acuities and contrast sensitivity functions for both eyes and the Randot stereoacuity were measured before and after training. RESULTS.Training improved maximal TNC by six to eight times in both groups, along with a boost of AE acuities by 0.15 logMAR (P < 0.001) in the NPT group and 0.06 logMAR (P < 0.001) in the PT group. This visual acuity improvement was significantly dependent on the pretraining acuity. Stereoacuity was significantly improved by 41.6% (P = 0.002) in the NPT group and 64.2% (P < 0.001) in the PT group. The stereoacuity gain was correlated to the pretraining interocular acuity difference (r = −0.49, P = 0.010), but not to the interocular acuity difference change (r = −0.28, P = 0.15). Training improved AE contrast sensitivity in the NPT group (P = 0.009) but not the PT group (P = 0.76). Moreover, the learning effects in 12 retested observers were retained for 10 to 24 months. CONCLUSIONS.Dichoptic training can improve, and sometimes even restore, the stereoacuity of amblyopic children, especially those with mild amblyopia (amblyopic VA 0.28 logMAR). The dissociation of stereoacuity gain and the interocular acuity difference change suggests that the stereoacuity gain may not result from a reduced interocular suppression in most amblyopes. Rather, the amblyopes may have learned to attend to, or readout, the stimulus information to improve stereopsis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dichoptic Perceptual Training in Children With Amblyopia With or Without Patching History

Liu

Zhang

Gao

et al. 2021

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…The discordant binocular experience due to these pediatric eye conditions not only impairs visual acuity in the affected eye but also results in fellow eye deficits and disrupts the development of binocularity (e.g., decreased stereoacuity, interocular suppression). [1][2][3][4] Amblyopia emerges during a critical period of brain maturation and has the potential to affect the performance of real-world tasks that require vision for development, including fine and gross motor skills.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Impaired Motor Skills in Strabismic and Anisometropic Children

Kelly

Morale

Beauchamp³

et al. 2020

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also found the fellow eyes of these patients have slightly higher OCT fixation shift than the control eyes, which confirms that fellow eyes have deficient fixation stability as well. 15,16 Fixation shift is more frequent nasally, including supranasally and infranasally, than other directions in the amblyopic eye, correlating with most of our strabismic patients being esotropic. Garcia-Garcia et al 10 report OCT fixation shift in 15 patients with microtropia, and found that 57% fixation shifts are superior nasal.…”

Section: Oct Fixation Shift Versus Amblyopia Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Using OCT Fixation Shift to Assess Eccentric Fixation in Children With Residual Amblyopia

Jin

Apple

Friess

et al. 2020

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Eccentric fixation in amblyopia is often estimated grossly without precision. Although the usefulness of optical coherence tomography (OCT) fixation shift in the quantification of eccentric fixation in a small cohort of amblyopic children was recently reported, there is a lack of understanding of characteristics of OCT fixation shift. In a retrospective cohort study, we evaluated eccentric fixation with OCT in a large cohort of children with residual amblyopia. Methods: Children, age 4 to 17 years, with residual amblyopia (amblyopic, n = 56) and without amblyopia (control, n = 75) were enrolled. Amblyopia was associated with anisometropia alone (anisometropia subtype, n = 28) and strabismus without or with anisometropia (strabismic subtype, n = 28). Spectral domain OCT was used to estimate fixation. The OCT fixation shift, defined as the distance between the fovea and the fixation point, was measured and adjusted with calculated axial length and converted into visual degrees. Fixation shift in amblyopic eyes, fellow nonamblyopic eyes, and right eyes of the control group were compared. Fixation shift between the anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia subtypes was also compared. Its correlation with visual acuity was estimated. Results: The mean fixation shift was significantly different: 0.17°± 0.29°for control right eyes, 0.94°± 1.24°for amblyopic eyes, and 0.34°± 0.57°for fellow eyes (χ 2 = 23.3; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between fellow eyes and control eyes (P = 0.11). Fixation shift in amblyopic eyes was significantly correlated with visual acuity (R = 0.44; P < 0.001), and it was significantly smaller in the anisometropic subtype than in the strabismic subtypes (0.34°± 0.46°vs. 1.54°± 1.48°, W = 338, P < 0.001). Conclusions: OCT fixation shift can be used both in detection and quantification of eccentric fixation in children with residual amblyopia, especially in those with strabismus. Translational Relevance: OCT fixation shift offers a convenient clinical approach in quantitative evaluation of eccentric fixation in children with strabismic amblyopia.

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Fellow Eye Deficits in Amblyopia

Cited by 25 publications

References 83 publications

Dichoptic Perceptual Training in Children With Amblyopia With or Without Patching History

Dichoptic Perceptual Training in Children With Amblyopia With or Without Patching History

Factors Associated with Impaired Motor Skills in Strabismic and Anisometropic Children

Using OCT Fixation Shift to Assess Eccentric Fixation in Children With Residual Amblyopia

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