Feline Pituitary Adenomas: Correlation of Histologic and Immunohistochemical Characteristics With Clinical Findings and Case Outcome

Miller, Margaret A.; Piotrowski, Stacey L.; Donovan, Taryn A.; Scott‐Moncrieff, J. Catharine; Owen, Tina; McCue, John P.; DuSold, Deidre M; Ramos‐Vara, José A.; Weng, Hsin‐Yi; Chen, Annie V.; Martin, Linda G.; Bruyette, David S.

doi:10.1177/0300985820978309

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The cytologic appearance of the tumor exhibited some malignancy criteria such as marked anisokaryosis, prominent nucleoli, and nuclear molding. Despite these features, histological evaluation, in conjunction with CT and postmortem findings, was consistent with the accepted definition of an adenoma ( 9 , 12 ). Cellular features are not a reliable indicator of malignant behavior in these neoplasms ( 12 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Growth hormone immunoreactivity can vary widely in somatotroph adenomas, but the pattern and location of staining similar to that in the control (i.e., relatively weak in both the sample and the control) warranted the interpretation of immunoreactivity. The lack of intact reticulin network was used to differentiate adenoma from hyperplasia, and there was no evidence of vascular, bone, or local invasion or metastasis based on CT, gross postmortem examination, or postmortem histopathology ( 9 ). It is unclear why cytological interpretation in the smear showed cellular features of malignancy while histologically anisocytosis and anisokaryosis were interpreted as mild.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growth hormone immunohistochemistry revealed many clusters of cells with faint or weak cytoplasmic immunoreactivity within the neoplasm (Figure 4) similar to that in the control. The cellular architecture based on H&E staining, histochemical and immunohistochemical profile and lack of evidence of invasion or metastasis on histology and clinical imaging resulted in a diagnosis of somatotroph adenoma (9). A week later, during post-surgical hospitalization, the patient's clinical condition worsened, and it died.…”

Section: Case Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These can be classified based on size (microadenomas when they are smaller than 10 mm and macroadenomas when 10 mm or larger) and secretory pattern (e.g., corticotroph, somatotroph, melanotroph, or plurihormonal) (6). Somatotroph adenomas represent the most common pituitary tumor in cats and, when associated with hypersomatotropism, present with weight gain, broad facial and limb features, abdominal organomegaly, heart murmur, and diabetes mellitus-related clinical signs (7)(8)(9). In a recent study (9), the median survival time in cats with pituitary adenomas varied from 515 to 730 days, depending on the tumor type (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Somatotroph adenomas represent the most common pituitary tumor in cats and, when associated with hypersomatotropism, present with weight gain, broad facial and limb features, abdominal organomegaly, heart murmur, and diabetes mellitus-related clinical signs (7)(8)(9). In a recent study (9), the median survival time in cats with pituitary adenomas varied from 515 to 730 days, depending on the tumor type (9). Diagnosis and treatment normally depend on clinical signs, advanced imaging investigation, histopathology, transsphenoidal surgery, medical management, or radiotherapy (6,10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case Report: Cytologic Description of Somatotroph Pituitary Adenoma in a Cat

et al. 2022

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This case report describes for the first time the cytologic characteristics of a hormonally secreting pituitary adenoma in a cat. An 8-year-old female spayed domestic long-haired cat was referred with a previous diagnosis of hypersomatotropism and secondary diabetes mellitus 7 months prior. Clinical signs included weight loss, polyphagia, polyuria, and polydipsia. Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 was 340 nmol/L (RI: 12-92), and CT scan revealed a hypophyseal mass, and a presumptive diagnosis of acromegaly was made. A transsphenoidal hypophysectomy was performed. A fragment of the pituitary gland was subjected to a squash preparation and cytology revealed a neuroendocrine neoplasm characterized by anisokaryosis and prominent nucleoli. Additional cytologic findings included cell cohesiveness, indistinct cytoplasmic borders, nuclear crowding, molding, and fragmentation. A diagnosis of adenoma was based on a lack of histopathologic or imaging evidence of invasion. A week later, during post-surgical hospitalization, the patient worsened and died. Histopathology from a necropsy procedure revealed fibrinosuppurative meningitis as a post-surgical complication. Pituitary adenomas might have an aggressive cytologic appearance, despite a lack of histopathologic invasion or dissemination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case Report: Cytologic Description of Somatotroph Pituitary Adenoma in a Cat

et al. 2022

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L’acromégalie chez le chat : une cause fréquente de diabète sucré ?

Pichard,

Benchekroun

2023

Le Nouveau Praticien Vét canine & féline

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L’acromégalie, affection apparemment plus fréquente que ce qui était admis il y a quelques années chez le chat, résulte de la production excessive ou dérégulée d’hormone de croissance. Elle atteint des chats d’âge moyen à âgé, dont la morphologie n’est pas forcément modifiée et typique du phénotype « acromégale ». Elle est très fréquemment à l’origine d’un diabète sucré secondaire, par un ensemble de mécanismes (diminution de la sensibilité tissulaire à l’insuline, interférences signalétiques…). L’acromégalie est un diagnostic différentiel essentiel d’insulinorésistance, parmi d’autres causes métaboliques à considérer lors d’une stabilisation diabétique non satisfaisante. Son diagnostic repose sur une combinaison d’éléments clinique, biologique et d’imagerie médicale de l’encéphale. La détection d’une masse hypophysaire dans un contexte de suspicion clinique et biologique forte permet de confirmer le diagnostic. Dans un contexte de diabète sucré non équilibré et de masse hypophysaire, un hypercorticisme doit être considéré également, bien que la présence d’une fragilité cutanée et d’anomalies électrolytiques (hypokaliémie) soit des éléments essentiels à la suspicion. Les possibilités thérapeutiques à ce jour reposent sur une insulinothérapie palliative (et gestion des autres complications), sur une prise en charge curative par hypophysectomie et/ou radiothérapie externe, ou encore sur des thérapies médicales adjuvantes, favorisant le contrôle, voire la rémission du diabète sucré secondaire.

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Cytologic features of canine melanotroph and corticotroph pituitary adenomas

Furtado,

DeCourcey,

Miller

et al. 2024

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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BackgroundThe introduction of intraoperative cytology revolutionized neurosurgical procedures in human medicine, providing real‐time diagnostic guidance to surgeons and contributing to improved patient outcomes. In the realm of veterinary medicine, the understanding of pituitary tumors in dogs and cats remains limited due to challenges in obtaining antemortem samples of central nervous system lesions.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe the cytologic features of pituitary adenomas in 12 dogs that underwent hypophysectomy.MethodsThe series included nine melanotroph adenomas and three corticotroph adenomas. Definitive diagnosis was based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry.ResultsCytologically, the adenomas had high numbers of bare nuclei and intact cells that were round to polygonal and situated individually or in small clusters. The intact cells had round to oval, eccentric nuclei with finely stippled chromatin and one to three prominent nucleoli and ample to abundant lightly basophilic to amphophilic, grainy cytoplasm with distinct borders, and variable numbers of discrete vacuoles. Mild‐to‐moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, occasional binucleation, rare and atypical mitotic figures, and nuclear molding were also observed.ConclusionsThe results suggest that intraoperative cytology of canine pituitary adenomas holds promise as a valuable diagnostic tool, aiding swift differentiation from other sellar masses before histologic confirmation. Cytologic characterization of pituitary adenomas in dogs is exceptionally rare in the scientific literature, making this study one of the first to offer a comprehensive description of these cytologic features.

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Feline Pituitary Adenomas: Correlation of Histologic and Immunohistochemical Characteristics With Clinical Findings and Case Outcome

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

Case Report: Cytologic Description of Somatotroph Pituitary Adenoma in a Cat

Case Report: Cytologic Description of Somatotroph Pituitary Adenoma in a Cat

L’acromégalie chez le chat : une cause fréquente de diabète sucré ?

Cytologic features of canine melanotroph and corticotroph pituitary adenomas

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