Feline Leukemia Virus p27 Antigen Concentration and Proviral DNA Load Are Associated with Survival in Naturally Infected Cats

Beall, Melissa J.; Buch, Jesse; Clark, Genevieve H; Эстрада, Марко; Rakitin, Andrei; Hamman, Natascha T.; Frenden, Monica K.; Jefferson, Ellen P.; Amirian, E. Susan; Levy, Julie

doi:10.3390/v13020302

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…Other common diagnostic assays include IFA that detects intracellular FeLV p27 antigen within infected neutrophils and platelets, and PCR that can detect FeLV proviral DNA and plasma viral RNA. Testing of the bone marrow or blood via PCR can increase the probability of detection of the virus in cases where there is no active viremia [ 3 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinicopathological findings of FeLV- positive cats at a secondary referral center in Florida, USA (2008–2019)

Pare¹,

Ellis

Juette

2022

PLoS ONE

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Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the seroprevalence, presenting complaint, clinicopathological changes, co-morbidities and outcomes of feline leukemia virus positive cats presented to a specialty referral center in Florida, USA. Methods In this retrospective study, medical records of 8050 cats presented to a private referral center from August 2008 to September 2019 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria required was a positive result for feline leukemia virus by point-of-care antigen testing or immunofluorescence assay. Results Forty-one cases met the inclusion criteria. Of 2002 cats that were tested, 41 cats (2%) met the inclusion criteria. One cat had a negative point of care antigen test result and positive bone marrow IFA result. The mean age at diagnosis was 9 years. The main reasons for presentation were abnormal complete blood cell count results (35%), followed by pleural effusion (18%), and anorexia (15%). The most common laboratory abnormalities included anaemia (71%), of which 74% had a nonregenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia (52%), elevated aspartate aminotransferase (50%), hyperbilirubinemia (35%), and hypokalemia (35%). Seven percent of cats (3/41) were also positive for feline immunodeficiency virus. The most common diagnoses were neoplasia (76%) and bone marrow disorders (12%). Cats with neoplasia were significantly younger. Survival to discharge was 88%. Conclusion and relevance Results of this study show that feline leukemia virus is uncommon in secondary referral center, even if this represents a population of unhealthy cats. The most common associated diagnosis was neoplasia, which was more likely to be seen in younger cats (< 4 years of age). The mean age of cats positive for feline leukemia virus was also older than previously published data. These findings support the current guidelines which indicate that cats presented with clinical illness should be tested for FeLV at the time of presentation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinicopathological findings of FeLV- positive cats at a secondary referral center in Florida, USA (2008–2019)

Pare¹,

Ellis

Juette

2022

PLoS ONE

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“…The data generated in this study provides evidence that measuring anti-SU antibody responses as well as the p27 capsid antigen concentration and proviral load might improve FeLV diagnostics, since the viral burden and the immune status can be assessed by the clinician to provide prognostic information. The FeLV SU ELISA described here has been used to demonstrate active immune control in a subset of cats with low levels of p27 capsid antigen [37] that were assumed to have regressive infection as well as to investigate correlates of protection following FeLV vaccination [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the Humoral Immune Response in Cats Exposed to Feline Leukaemia Virus

Parr

Beall

Levy

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Retroviruses belong to an important and diverse family of RNA viruses capable of causing neoplastic disease in their hosts. Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) is a gammaretrovirus that infects domestic and wild cats, causing immunodeficiency, cytopenia and neoplasia in progressively infected cats. The outcome of FeLV infection is influenced by the host immune response; progressively infected cats demonstrate weaker immune responses compared to regressively infected cats. In this study, humoral immune responses were examined in 180 samples collected from 123 domestic cats that had been naturally exposed to FeLV, using a novel ELISA to measure antibodies recognizing the FeLV surface unit (SU) glycoprotein in plasma samples. A correlation was demonstrated between the strength of the humoral immune response to the SU protein and the outcome of exposure. Cats with regressive infection demonstrated higher antibody responses to the SU protein compared to cats belonging to other outcome groups, and samples from cats with regressive infection contained virus neutralising antibodies. These results demonstrate that an ELISA that assesses the humoral response to FeLV SU complements the use of viral diagnostic tests to define the outcome of exposure to FeLV. Together these tests could allow the rapid identification of regressively infected cats that are unlikely to develop FeLV-related disease.

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“…In these cats, viremia could be detected by RT-PCR, but the proviral form could not be detected. This may be due to different factors such as the quantity and quality of the DNA sample, low proviral load, or the sensitivity of the test used [47]. Real-time PCR tests have shown to be very sensitive in detecting FeLV at different stages of infection [8,48].…”

Section: Full Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and genetic characterization of feline retroviruses in domestic cats with clinical signs and hematological alterations associated with retroviral infection

Jiménez

Sarmiento-Silva

Alonso-Morales

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Feline leukemia (FeLV) and immunodeficiency (FIV) viruses are globally distributed retroviruses that infect domestic cats and cause various syndromes, which can lead to death. The aim of our study was to detect and genotyping feline retroviruses in Mexican domestic cats. We used PCR assays to identify proviral DNA and viral RNA in 50 domestic cats with different clinical signs and hematological alterations. Endogenous FeLV (enFeLV) was identified in the genomic DNA samples from all cats in the study, and we detected enFeLV transcripts of LTR region in 48 individuals. Exogenous FeLV (exFeLV) was found in 13 cats. Furthermore, we detected FIV proviral DNA in ten cats. The enFeLV sequences were shown to be the most variable, while the exFeLV sequences were highly conserved and related to previously described subgroup A sequences. Additionally, FIV gag gene sequences revealed the presence of subtype B in the infected cats.

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Feline Leukemia Virus p27 Antigen Concentration and Proviral DNA Load Are Associated with Survival in Naturally Infected Cats

Cited by 24 publications

References 44 publications

Clinicopathological findings of FeLV- positive cats at a secondary referral center in Florida, USA (2008–2019)

Clinicopathological findings of FeLV- positive cats at a secondary referral center in Florida, USA (2008–2019)

Measuring the Humoral Immune Response in Cats Exposed to Feline Leukaemia Virus

Detection and genetic characterization of feline retroviruses in domestic cats with clinical signs and hematological alterations associated with retroviral infection

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