Feline leishmaniosis in Portugal: 3 cases (year 2014)

Pimenta, Paulo; Alves‐Pimenta, Sofia; Barros, João Luís Vieira Monteiro de; Barbosa, Pedro; Rodrigues, Ana Rita; Pereira, Maria; Maltez, Luís; Gama, Adelina; Cristóvão, José Manuel; Campino, Lenea; Maia, Carla; Cardoso, Luı́s

doi:10.1016/j.vprsr.2016.02.003

Cited by 17 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Sick dogs with severe clinical disease, high blood parasitemia and antibody level, lack in specific IFN-γ production by ex vivo stimulated whole blood (Solano-Gallego et al, 2016b). Cats with L. infantum-associated clinical disease have high blood parasitemia and low to very high antibody levels but relationship between antibody titer and severity of disease and also their specific IFN-γ production were not investigated (Bardagi et al, 2016;Basso et al, 2016, p. 20;Brianti et al, 2015;Dedola et al, 2015;Maia et al, 2015;Pennisi et al, 2015aPennisi et al, , 2016Pimenta et al, 2015). However, longitudinal studies confirmed that progression to disease is associated in cats with increasing antibody titers as it occurs in CanL (Foglia Manzillo et al, 2013;Maroli et al, 2007).…”

Section: Pathogenesis and Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A significant association between Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) and L. infantum positivity was found only in few cases (Pennisi et al, 1998;Sobrinho et al, 2012;Spada et al, 2013). However, the review of 89 reported cases of FeL where cats were serologically tested for FIV and Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) provides a 30.3% prevalence of FIV coinfection in cats with FeL and only four cats with FeLV co-infection (three of them also FIV positive) were detected (Bardagi et al, 2016;Basso et al, 2016;Brianti et al, 2015;Britti et al, 2005;Caracappa et al, 2008;Coelho et al, 2010;Dalmau et al, 2008;Dedola et al, 2015;Fileccia, 2012;Grevot et al, 2005;Hervás et al, 1999;Ibba, 2009;Laruelle-Magalon and Toga, 1996;Leiva et al, 2005;Marcos et al, 2009;Migliazzo et al, 2015;Ozon et al, 1998;Pennisi et al, 2013;Pimenta et al, 2015;Pocholle et al, 2012;Poli et al, 2002;Richter et al, 2014;Rüfenacht et al, 2005;Sanches et al, 2011;Verneuil, 2013;Vides et al, 2011). Other FeL cases reported in FIV negative cats were diagnosed in animals affected by immune-mediated diseases (and treated with immunosuppressive drugs), neoplasia, or diabetes mellitus (Bardagi et al, 2016;Basso et al, 2016;Caracappa et al, 2008;Laruelle-Magalon and Toga, 1996;Leiva et al, 2005;Maia et al, 2015;…”

Section: Pathogenesis and Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, in areas endemic for L. infantum, FeL is less frequently reported than CanL. Case reports published in recent years provided information on the most common clinical signs and clinico-pathological abnormalities associated with FeL (Bardagi et al, 2016;Basso et al, 2016;Brianti et al, 2014;Dedola et al, 2015;Maia et al, 2015;Pennisi et al, 2015aPennisi et al, , 2016Pimenta et al, 2015). However, coinfections or comorbidities are frequently detected in these cats and they can contribute to a misrepresentation of clinical FeL albeit lesions associated with the presence of the parasite have been detected in skin, lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, liver, oral mucosa, stomach, large bowel, kidney, nasal exudate, lung, eye (Pennisi, 2015).…”

Section: Pathogenesis and Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, diverse macroscopic skin lesions can occur in the same dogs or cats. Similarly, ocular manifestations are frequently found in dogs and cats affected by leishmaniosis and can be the reason for consultations (Bardagi et al, 2016;Di Pietro et al, 2016;Pennisi, 2015;Pennisi et al, 2016;Pimenta et al, 2015). Clinical findings detected in CanL and FeL and their frequency are compared in Table 1.…”

Section: Pathogenesis and Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Feline leishmaniosis (FeL) 3 caused by Li appears as an emerging feline disease, in fact in the past two decades it was more and more frequently reported in endemic areas and sporadically seen also in nonendemic areas in rehomed cats (Rüfenacht et al, 2005;Richter et al, 2014;Pennisi et al, 2015a;Maia et al, 2015;Basso et al, 2016;Pimenta et al, 2015). However, the increased level of medical care given to cats contributed to the «emergence» of FeL as well as availability of more sensitive diagnostic tools and progress in understanding parasite-host-vector interactions (Cantacessi et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feline leishmaniosis: Is the cat a small dog?

Pennisi¹,

Persichetti

2018

Veterinary Parasitology

121

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Leishmania infantum is a vector-borne zoonotic disease transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies and dogs are considered the main reservoir of the parasite. Feline leishmaniosis (FeL) caused by L. infantum is an emergent feline disease more and more frequently reported in endemic areas. This review summarizes current knowledge focusing similarities and differences with canine leishmaniosis (CanL). Cats are infected by the same Leishmania species than dogs but prevalence of the infection is lower and cases of disease are less frequently reported. Scarce information is available on adaptive immune response of cats naturally exposed to L. infantum infection and mechanisms responsible for susceptibility or resistance of feline hosts. However, about half of clinical cases of FeL are reported in cats with possible impaired immunocompetence. Coinfections or comorbidities are frequently detected in sick cats and they can contribute to a misrepresentation of clinical FeL albeit lesions associated with the presence of the parasite have been detected in skin, lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, liver, oral mucosa, stomach, large bowel, kidney, nasal exudate, lung, eye. As for dogs, skin or mucocutaneous lesions are the most common reason for veterinary consultation and finding on physical examination in cats with leishmaniosis. Molecular investigations of Leishmania DNA and anti- Leishmania antibody detection are largely used with the same methodologies for both CanL and FeL, however few information is available about their diagnostic performance in feline hosts. Treatment of cats with clinical FeL is still empirically based and off label by using the most common drugs prescribed to dogs. Life expectancy of cats with clinical FeL is usually good unless concurrent conditions or complications occur and prognosis does not seem significantly influenced by therapy or retroviral coinfection. According to current knowledge, cats can play a role as additional reservoir host of L. infantum and, in a « One Health » perspective, preventative measures should be taken. In conclusion, albeit feline infection and the associated cat disease caused by L. infantum is increasingly reported in endemic areas and have many similarities with CanL, consolidated evidence-based knowledge is not available and we cannot exclude that important differences between dogs and cats exist about transmission, immunopathogenesis and best practice for management and prevention.

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Section: Pathogenesis and Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathogenesis and Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathogenesis and Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathogenesis and Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Feline leishmaniosis: Is the cat a small dog?

Pennisi¹,

Persichetti

2018

Veterinary Parasitology

121

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Leishmaniosis

Pennisi¹

2020

Feline Dermatology

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Leishmania spp. affecting cats include L. infantum, L. mexicana, L. venezuelensis, L. amazonensis, and L. braziliensis. Leishmania infantum is the species most frequently reported in cats and causes feline leishmaniosis (FeL). Cats exposed to L. infantum are able to mount a cell-mediated immune response that does not parallel antibody production. Cats with L. infantum-associated clinical disease have positive blood PCR and low to very high antibody levels. About half of the clinical cases of FeL are diagnosed in cats with impaired immunocompetence. Skin or mucocutaneous lesions are the most common clinical findings; however, FeL is a systemic disease. Skin or mucocutaneous lesions and lymph node enlargement are seen in at least half of cases, ocular or oral lesions and some aspecific signs (weight loss, anorexia, lethargy) in about 20-30% of cases, and many other clinical signs (e.g., respiratory, gastrointestinal) are sporadically observed. Ulcerative and nodular lesions due to diffuse granulomatous dermatitis are the most frequent skin manifestations, mainly distributed on the head or symmetrically on the distal limbs. Diagnosis can be obtained by cytology and histology, and immunohistochemistry is useful to confirm the causative role of Leishmania infection in the dermopathological manifestations; however, other skin diseases may coexist with FeL. Polymerase chain reaction is used in case of suggestive lesions with lack of parasites and for Leishmania speciation. Comorbidities, coinfections, and chronic renal disease influence the prognosis and should be investigated. Treatment is currently based on the same drugs used for canine leishmaniosis, and generally clinical cure is obtained; however recurrence is possible.

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Leishmaniose

Pennisi

2023

Dermatologie Der Katze

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Feline leishmaniosis in Portugal: 3 cases (year 2014)

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Feline leishmaniosis: Is the cat a small dog?

Feline leishmaniosis: Is the cat a small dog?

Leishmaniosis

Leishmaniose

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