Feline leishmaniosis: a case with a high parasitic burden

Migliazzo, Antonella; Vitale, Fabrizio; Calderone, Simona; Puleio, Roberto; Binanti, Diana; Abramo, Francesca

doi:10.1111/vde.12180

Cited by 23 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…It was particularly useful to detect associated feline skin diseases such as squamous cell carcinoma, pemphigus foliaceus, and eosinophilic granuloma found in some cats with FeL (Grevot et al, 2005;Laruelle-Magalon and Toga, 1996;Maia et al, 2015;Monteverde et al, 2006;Pocholle et al, 2012; Table 1 Frequency of clinical signs, lesions and clinicopathological abnormalities detected in dogs and cats with leishmaniosis (Di Pietro et al, 2016;Pennisi et al, 2015a;Saridomichelakis and Koutinas, 2014;Solano-Gallego et al, 2009 Rüfenacht et al, 2005). Immunohistochemistry evidences the parasites in feline tissues and heterologous (canine or rabbit) hyperimmune serum or monoclonal antibody were used as primary antibody (Migliazzo et al, 2015;Navarro et al, 2010). Molecular investigations of Leishmania DNA are largely used with the same methodologies for both CanL and FeL diagnosis (Pennisi et al, 2015a;Solano-Gallego et al, 2009).…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, the review of 89 reported cases of FeL where cats were serologically tested for FIV and Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) provides a 30.3% prevalence of FIV coinfection in cats with FeL and only four cats with FeLV co-infection (three of them also FIV positive) were detected (Bardagi et al, 2016;Basso et al, 2016;Brianti et al, 2015;Britti et al, 2005;Caracappa et al, 2008;Coelho et al, 2010;Dalmau et al, 2008;Dedola et al, 2015;Fileccia, 2012;Grevot et al, 2005;Hervás et al, 1999;Ibba, 2009;Laruelle-Magalon and Toga, 1996;Leiva et al, 2005;Marcos et al, 2009;Migliazzo et al, 2015;Ozon et al, 1998;Pennisi et al, 2013;Pimenta et al, 2015;Pocholle et al, 2012;Poli et al, 2002;Richter et al, 2014;Rüfenacht et al, 2005;Sanches et al, 2011;Verneuil, 2013;Vides et al, 2011). Other FeL cases reported in FIV negative cats were diagnosed in animals affected by immune-mediated diseases (and treated with immunosuppressive drugs), neoplasia, or diabetes mellitus (Bardagi et al, 2016;Basso et al, 2016;Caracappa et al, 2008;Laruelle-Magalon and Toga, 1996;Leiva et al, 2005;Maia et al, 2015;Marcos et al, 2009;Maroli et al, 2007;Migliazzo et al, 2015;Rüfenacht et al, 2005) and impaired immuno-competence is overall suspected in about half clinical cases of FeL. In...…”

Section: Pathogenesis and Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histological evaluation of dog and cat lesions is also used and granulomatous inflammation is usually found associated with FeL as described in dogs (Dedola et al, 2015;Fileccia, 2012;Maia et al, 2015;Migliazzo et al, 2015;Navarro et al, 2010). It was particularly useful to detect associated feline skin diseases such as squamous cell carcinoma, pemphigus foliaceus, and eosinophilic granuloma found in some cats with FeL (Grevot et al, 2005;Laruelle-Magalon and Toga, 1996;Maia et al, 2015;Monteverde et al, 2006;Pocholle et al, 2012; Table 1 Frequency of clinical signs, lesions and clinicopathological abnormalities detected in dogs and cats with leishmaniosis (Di Pietro et al, 2016;Pennisi et al, 2015a;Saridomichelakis and Koutinas, 2014;Solano-Gallego et al, 2009 Rüfenacht et al, 2005).…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Limited data are available about other tissues (lymph node, bone marrow, skin) or noninvasive sampling (conjunctival or oral swabs) (Benassi et al, 2017;Brianti et al, 2017;Otranto et al, 2017;Pennisi et al, 2015a). Biopsied skin or mucosal lesions and bone marrow or lymph node samplings obtained from sick cats have usually high parasite loads measured by quantitative real time PCR (Migliazzo et al, 2015) as seen in dogs.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feline leishmaniosis: Is the cat a small dog?

Pennisi¹,

Persichetti

2018

Veterinary Parasitology

135

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Leishmania infantum is a vector-borne zoonotic disease transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies and dogs are considered the main reservoir of the parasite. Feline leishmaniosis (FeL) caused by L. infantum is an emergent feline disease more and more frequently reported in endemic areas. This review summarizes current knowledge focusing similarities and differences with canine leishmaniosis (CanL). Cats are infected by the same Leishmania species than dogs but prevalence of the infection is lower and cases of disease are less frequently reported. Scarce information is available on adaptive immune response of cats naturally exposed to L. infantum infection and mechanisms responsible for susceptibility or resistance of feline hosts. However, about half of clinical cases of FeL are reported in cats with possible impaired immunocompetence. Coinfections or comorbidities are frequently detected in sick cats and they can contribute to a misrepresentation of clinical FeL albeit lesions associated with the presence of the parasite have been detected in skin, lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, liver, oral mucosa, stomach, large bowel, kidney, nasal exudate, lung, eye. As for dogs, skin or mucocutaneous lesions are the most common reason for veterinary consultation and finding on physical examination in cats with leishmaniosis. Molecular investigations of Leishmania DNA and anti- Leishmania antibody detection are largely used with the same methodologies for both CanL and FeL, however few information is available about their diagnostic performance in feline hosts. Treatment of cats with clinical FeL is still empirically based and off label by using the most common drugs prescribed to dogs. Life expectancy of cats with clinical FeL is usually good unless concurrent conditions or complications occur and prognosis does not seem significantly influenced by therapy or retroviral coinfection. According to current knowledge, cats can play a role as additional reservoir host of L. infantum and, in a « One Health » perspective, preventative measures should be taken. In conclusion, albeit feline infection and the associated cat disease caused by L. infantum is increasingly reported in endemic areas and have many similarities with CanL, consolidated evidence-based knowledge is not available and we cannot exclude that important differences between dogs and cats exist about transmission, immunopathogenesis and best practice for management and prevention.

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Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Pathogenesis and Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Feline leishmaniosis: Is the cat a small dog?

Pennisi¹,

Persichetti

2018

Veterinary Parasitology

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It has been suggested that feline leishmaniosis (FeL) should be included in the differential diagnosis of skin diseases of cats living in areas endemic for leishmaniosis . FeL seems to be characterized predominantly by cutaneous lesions, however, publications on the clinical presentation are limited and include cases of nodular, alopecic, scaling and ulcerative dermatitides . The most common dermatopathological feature reported in FeL cases is a diffuse granulomatous inflammation with macrophages containing amastigotes and variable numbers of lymphocytes and plasma cells .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular study of the presence of Leishmania spp. in the skin of cats with head and neck ulcerative dermatitis

Mattia¹,

Fondevila

Abramo

et al. 2018

Veterinary Dermatology

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Leishmaniosis

Pennisi¹

2020

Feline Dermatology

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Leishmania spp. affecting cats include L. infantum, L. mexicana, L. venezuelensis, L. amazonensis, and L. braziliensis. Leishmania infantum is the species most frequently reported in cats and causes feline leishmaniosis (FeL). Cats exposed to L. infantum are able to mount a cell-mediated immune response that does not parallel antibody production. Cats with L. infantum-associated clinical disease have positive blood PCR and low to very high antibody levels. About half of the clinical cases of FeL are diagnosed in cats with impaired immunocompetence. Skin or mucocutaneous lesions are the most common clinical findings; however, FeL is a systemic disease. Skin or mucocutaneous lesions and lymph node enlargement are seen in at least half of cases, ocular or oral lesions and some aspecific signs (weight loss, anorexia, lethargy) in about 20-30% of cases, and many other clinical signs (e.g., respiratory, gastrointestinal) are sporadically observed. Ulcerative and nodular lesions due to diffuse granulomatous dermatitis are the most frequent skin manifestations, mainly distributed on the head or symmetrically on the distal limbs. Diagnosis can be obtained by cytology and histology, and immunohistochemistry is useful to confirm the causative role of Leishmania infection in the dermopathological manifestations; however, other skin diseases may coexist with FeL. Polymerase chain reaction is used in case of suggestive lesions with lack of parasites and for Leishmania speciation. Comorbidities, coinfections, and chronic renal disease influence the prognosis and should be investigated. Treatment is currently based on the same drugs used for canine leishmaniosis, and generally clinical cure is obtained; however recurrence is possible.

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Feline leishmaniosis: a case with a high parasitic burden

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

Feline leishmaniosis: Is the cat a small dog?

Feline leishmaniosis: Is the cat a small dog?

A retrospective histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular study of the presence of Leishmania spp. in the skin of cats with head and neck ulcerative dermatitis

Leishmaniosis

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