Feline Infectious Pneumonia: A Short Literature Review and a Retrospective Immunohistological Study on the Involvement of Chlamydia spp. and Distemper Virus

Bart, M; Guscetti, Franco; Zurbriggen, Andreas; Pospischil, Andreas; Schiller, Irene

doi:10.1053/tvjl.1999.0451

Cited by 45 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Anaerobic bacteria and mycoplasmas have not been isolated from the lower airways of healthy cats. 27,28 The [1][2][3] Various other aetiological agents have also been identified in case reports and small case series, and described in textbooks.…”

Section: Jfms Clinical Practice 317mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Cats

Foster¹,

Martín

2011

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Section: Jfms Clinical Practice 317mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Cats

Foster¹,

Martín

2011

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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“…In the present study, 26% of the cats with pyothorax involving polymicrobial anaerobic infections or a Mycoplasma species, had a history or clinical signs suggestive of antecedent upper respiratory tract infection, likely viral in origin. Mycoplasma species have been identified as a cause of infectious bronchopulmonary disease in both kittens and cats (Bart et al 2000, Foster et al 2004). Pyothorax caused by a Mycoplasma species and a facultative anaerobe ( Arcanobacterium pyogenes ) has been documented in a 1-month-old kitten (Gulbahar and Gurturk 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline pyothorax: A retrospective study of 27 cases in Australia

Barrs

Allan

Martín

et al. 2005

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

215

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Pyothorax was diagnosed in 27 cats between 1983 and 2002. In 21 (78%) of the cases, pleural fluid culture and/or cytology was consistent with a mixed anaerobic bacterial infection of oropharyngeal origin. In six cases (22%), infection was caused by unusual pathogens or pathogens of non-oropharyngeal origin, including a Mycoplasma species, Cryptococcus gattii, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. The overall mortality rate was 22%. Treatment was successful in 18 of 19 cases (95%) where closed thoracostomy tubes were inserted. One case resolved only after thoracotomy. Actinomyces species were isolated in three cases and in contrast to dogs where thoracotomy is recommended, they were resolved with tube thoracostomy. Mechanical complications occurred in 58% of the cats with indwelling chest tubes. Probable mechanisms of pleural space infection were identified in 18 cats (67%) including haematogenous infection (n=1), direct inoculation of bacteria into the pleural space (n=1), intrathoracic oesophageal rupture (n=1) and parapneumonic extension of infection (n=15; 56%). Of the latter, perioperative aspiration was suspected in two cats, parasitic migration in two and antecedent upper respiratory tract infection was implicated in seven. Parapneumonic spread of infection after colonisation and invasion of lung tissue by oropharyngeal flora appears to be the most frequent cause of feline anaerobic polymicrobial pyothorax and contests the widespread belief that direct inoculation of pleural cavity by bite wounds is more common.

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“…Recently, we reported the discovery of three rubulaviruses, Tuhoko viruses 1, 2 and 3, from fruit bats in mainland China, and an unclassified paramyxovirus, Tailam virus, from Sikkim rats in Hong Kong (14,15). Despite the presence of paramyxoviruses in a variety of animals, no paramyxoviruses have been naturally observed in cats, although there is controversial evidence that cats may be infected with parainfluenza 5 virus (16,17).…”

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Feline morbillivirus, a previously undescribed paramyxovirus associated with tubulointerstitial nephritis in domestic cats

Woo

Lau

Wong

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

148

295

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We describe the discovery and isolation of a paramyxovirus, feline morbillivirus (FmoPV), from domestic cat ( Felis catus ). FmoPV RNA was detected in 56 (12.3%) of 457 stray cats (53 urine, four rectal swabs, and one blood sample) by RT-PCR. Complete genome sequencing of three FmoPV strains showed genome sizes of 16,050 bases, the largest among morbilliviruses, because of unusually long 5′ trailer sequences of 400 nt. FmoPV possesses identical gene contents (3′-N-P/V/C-M-F-H-L-5′) and is phylogenetically clustered with other morbilliviruses. IgG against FmoPV N protein was positive in 49 sera (76.7%) of 56 RT-PCR–positive cats, but 78 (19.4%) of 401 RT-PCR–negative cats ( P < 0.0001) by Western blot. FmoPV was isolated from CRFK feline kidney cells, causing cytopathic effects with cell rounding, detachment, lysis, and syncytia formation. FmoPV could also replicate in subsequent passages in primate Vero E6 cells. Infected cell lines exhibited finely granular and diffuse cytoplasmic fluorescence on immunostaining for FmoPV N protein. Electron microscopy showed enveloped virus with typical “herringbone” appearance of helical N in paramyxoviruses. Histological examination of necropsy tissues in two FmoPV-positive cats revealed interstitial inflammatory infiltrate and tubular degeneration/necrosis in kidneys, with decreased cauxin expression in degenerated tubular epithelial cells, compatible with tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN). Immunohistochemical staining revealed FmoPV N protein-positive renal tubular cells and mononuclear cells in lymph nodes. A case-control study showed the presence of TIN in seven of 12 cats with FmoPV infection, but only two of 15 cats without FmoPV infection ( P < 0.05), suggesting an association between FmoPV and TIN.

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Feline Infectious Pneumonia: A Short Literature Review and a Retrospective Immunohistological Study on the Involvement of Chlamydia spp. and Distemper Virus

Cited by 45 publications

References 50 publications

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Cats

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Cats

Feline pyothorax: A retrospective study of 27 cases in Australia

Feline morbillivirus, a previously undescribed paramyxovirus associated with tubulointerstitial nephritis in domestic cats

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