Feline immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis and development of a dual-subtype feline-immunodeficiency-virus vaccine

Yamamoto, Janet K.; Pu, Ruiyu; Sato, Eiji; Hohdatsu, Tsutomu

doi:10.1097/qad.0b013e328013d88a

Cited by 58 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…FIV subtype B was detected in one sample based on gag sequence in a brief report from Minas Gerais state (7). A recently published review indicated that subtype E was the only one prevalent in Brazil (49). In our study, classification of 26 samples based on sequencing analysis of viral genomic regions gag, pol, and env identified B as the only subtype circulating in FIV-positive animals in Rio de Janeiro State (Rio de Janeiro city and Niterói city).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Phylogenetic and Genetic Analysis of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus gag , pol , and env Genes from Domestic Cats Undergoing Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Treatment or Treatment-Naïve Cats in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Martins

Medeiros

Simonetti

et al. 2008

J Virol

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Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is the Lentivirus responsible for an immunodeficiency-like disease in domestic cats (Felis catus). FIV is divided into five phylogenetic subtypes (A, B, C, D, and E), based on genetic diversity. Knowledge of the geographical distribution of subtypes is relevant for understanding different disease progressions and for vaccine development. In this study, viral sequences of 26 infected cats from Rio de Janeiro, 8 undergoing treatment with zidovudine (AZT) for at least 5 years, were successfully amplified from blood specimens. gag capsid (CA), pol reverse transcriptase (RT), and env gp120 (V3-V4) regions were analyzed to determine subtypes and to evaluate potential mutations related to antiretroviral drug resistance among treated cats. Subtyping based on phylogenetic analysis was performed by the neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood methods. All of the sequences clustered with subtype B in the three regions, exhibiting low genetic variability. Additionally, we found evidence that the same virus is circulating in animals in close contact. The analysis of FIV RT sequences identified two new putative mutations related to drug resistance located in the RT "finger" domain, which has 60% identity to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sequence. Amino acid change K3R at codons 64 and 69 was found in 25% and 37.5% of the treated animals, respectively. These signatures were comparable to K65R and K70R thymidine-associated mutations found in the HIV-1 HXB2 counterpart. This finding strongly suggests a position correlation between the mutations found in FIV and the K65R and K70R substitutions from drug-resistant HIV-1 strains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Phylogenetic and Genetic Analysis of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus gag , pol , and env Genes from Domestic Cats Undergoing Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Treatment or Treatment-Naïve Cats in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Martins

Medeiros

Simonetti

et al. 2008

J Virol

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“…In particular, the repeated inoculation of paraformaldehyde-fixed FIV-infected MBM cells afforded marked protection (43)(44)(45)69). However, the use of similarly fixed FIV-infected autologous infected T lymphocytes or of viable dendritic cells loaded with inactivated FIV failed to protect or even aggravated homologous virus challenge (18,21), thus excluding the possibility that the key to the success of the approach tested here was merely the use of a cellular boost.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…On the other hand, the present study was conducted in an entirely homologous virus system and with a challenge virus that, despite having been readapted in vivo, might be more sensitive to neutralization than truly primary isolates (25,69). Further studies will therefore also need to investigate the breadth of the NA response generated, the protection afforded against genuinely wild-type isolates, and whether this breadth can be extended by administering additional boosts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Env-Expressing Autologous T Lymphocytes Induce Neutralizing Antibody and Afford Marked Protection against Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

Pistello

Bonci

Zabogli

et al. 2010

J Virol

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The envelope (Env) glycoproteins of HIV and other lentiviruses possess neutralization and other protective epitopes, yet all attempts to induce protective immunity using Env as the only immunogen have either failed or afforded minimal levels of protection. In a novel prime-boost approach, specific-pathogen-free cats were primed with a plasmid expressing Env of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and then boosted with their own T lymphocytes transduced ex vivo to produce the same Env and interleukin 15 (3 ؋ 10 6 to 10 ؋ 10 6 viable cells/cat). After the boost, the vaccinees developed elevated immune responses, including virus-neutralizing antibodies (NA). Challenge with an ex vivo preparation of FIV readily infected all eight control cats (four mock vaccinated and four naïve) and produced a marked decline in the proportion of peripheral CD4 T cells. In contrast, five of seven vaccinees showed little or no traces of infection, and the remaining two had reduced viral loads and underwent no changes in proportions of CD4 T cells. Interestingly, the viral loads of the vaccinees were inversely correlated to the titers of NA. The findings support the concept that Env is a valuable immunogen but needs to be administered in a way that permits the expression of its full protective potential.

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“…FIV is also the only lentivirus that causes an immunodeficiency syndrome resembling that of HIV infection in the natural host, and it has served as a powerful model for HIV infection (23). The envelope (env) gene encompasses the epitopic determinants for cellular tropism and neutralization of FIV (14,15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Emission Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Real-Time PCR Differentiates Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Subtypes and Discriminates Infected from Vaccinated Cats

et al. 2010

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Feline immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis and development of a dual-subtype feline-immunodeficiency-virus vaccine

Cited by 58 publications

References 169 publications

Phylogenetic and Genetic Analysis of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus gag , pol , and env Genes from Domestic Cats Undergoing Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Treatment or Treatment-Naïve Cats in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Phylogenetic and Genetic Analysis of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus gag , pol , and env Genes from Domestic Cats Undergoing Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Treatment or Treatment-Naïve Cats in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Env-Expressing Autologous T Lymphocytes Induce Neutralizing Antibody and Afford Marked Protection against Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

Dual-Emission Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Real-Time PCR Differentiates Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Subtypes and Discriminates Infected from Vaccinated Cats

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