Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Sykes, Jane E.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0795-3.00021-1

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…In the case of FIV, the Witness test detects antibodies, whereas the PCR amplifies and detects part of the LTR region of the virus. In the early stages of infection there are no detectable antibodies (most cats produce antibodies within 8 weeks of exposure); 54 moreover, there might be extremely low levels of antibodies in the terminal phase of the disease, causing a false-negative ELISA result, whereas the PCR result will be positive as a result of increased viral load in the circulation. 37 However, a positive ELISA and negative PCR result can suggest extremely low levels of circulating proviral DNA/viral RNA (which can be the case in the asymptomatic phase of FIV infection) or viral genetic diversity (where nucleotide sequence dissimilarity can result in failure of primer binding).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus in domestic cats in Hungary

Szilasi

Dénes

Krikó

et al. 2019

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Objectives Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) are retroviruses affecting cats worldwide. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of these retroviruses in domestic cats in Hungary and to characterise the phylogenetic relationships of FIV strains. Methods A total of 335 anticoagulated whole-blood samples obtained from both a healthy and ill cat population were examined for the presence of FIV and FeLV with two methods: ELISA and PCR. Statistical analysis was carried out to analyse the data obtained. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of partial polymerase ( pol) gene sequences was performed to describe circulating FIV subtypes. Results Statistical analysis showed 11.8% and 9.9% true prevalence of FeLV and FIV, respectively, with ELISA. The apparent prevalence calculated from the PCR results were 17.3% for FeLV and 13.1% for FIV. Phylogenetic analysis of partial pol gene sequences obtained from 22 FIV strains showed that all observed Hungarian strains belonged to FIV subtype B. The strains were grouped into several monophyletic subgroups reflecting the geographic locations of the origin of the samples. The overall mean genetic similarity between the analysed strains was 98.2%. Conclusions and relevance We report the first thorough overview of the prevalence of FeLV and FIV in Hungary, which is relatively high, and give insight into the genetic diversity of Hungarian strains of FIV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus in domestic cats in Hungary

Szilasi

Dénes

Krikó

et al. 2019

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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“…The anamnesis did not reveal any relevant medical history, but the acute phase of infection with FIV, characterized by transient sickness, often goes unnoticed by the owners. This suggests that at presentation, the cat was either in the subclinical phase of FIV-infection, undergoing progressive immunosuppression, or in the terminal phase, with the bacterial infection of the pleural space as an opportunistic infection (Sykes, 2014a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twee gevallen van feliene pyothorax: medicamenteuze versus chirurgische behandeling en geassocieerde uitdagingen

Gorris¹,

Faut²,

Rooster³

et al. 2017

Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift

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Pyothorax is a rare disease in cats. Underlying causes and treatment recommendations vary greatly between cases. In this case series, the management of two challenging cases of feline pyothorax is discussed. In the first case, a nine-year-old female spayed European shorthair cat with pyothorax caused by Bacteroides fragilis is described. At the time of presentation, she was diagnosed with feline immunodeficiency virus as well. The pyothorax was succesfully managed medically. Unfortunately, the cat relapsed after three months and the owner elected euthanasia. The second case involved a ten-year-old male castrated British shorthair cat with identification of filamentous bacteria on pleural fluid cytology. This cat underwent surgical intervention because thoracic drainage was very difficult. Eventually, he recovered well and did not relapse up to two months postoperatively. The challenges in the decision process and treatment complications are discussed.

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“…Após a viremia primária, os gatos com FIV podem permanecer assintomáticos por anos, aparentemente saudáveis; todavia, a imunossupressão é comum, predispondo-os a infecções secundárias recorrentes e risco aumentado de neoplasias (Hartmann, 2011;Little et al, 2020;Teixeira et al, 2019 (Hartmann, 2012). Os estudos ainda ressaltam a presença de sinais neurológicos em felinos com retroviroses, que podem ser observados em pequenas proporções, como anormalidades psicomotoras, agressão, anisocoria e convulsão (Sykes, 2014;Little et al, 2020), destacando que muitos desses sinais foram detectados no paciente descrito.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Os felinos podem apresentar linfoma espontaneamente e por ação oncogênica viral, sendo que o FIV pode exercer um papel oncogênico direto (Hartmann, 2012), enquanto o FeLV tem sido o principal agente viral envolvido, embora a prevalência por essa associação tenha diminuído ao longo dos anos, em decorrência da implementação de programas de vacinação e manutenção de felinos domiciliados (Little et al, 2020). No entanto, a taxa de gatos infectados com retroviroses permanece alta no Brasil (Teixeira et al, 2019;Mello et al, 2019;Gonçalves et al, 2021), especialmente em regiões caracterizadas por altas taxas populacionais de felinos com vida livre e não vacinados (Little et al, 2020;Sykes 2014;Sykes & Hartmann, 2014;Gonçalves et al, 2021). Em humanos, o linfoma não-Hodgkin é um dos mais comuns e está frequentemente associado ao vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida, isto é, HIV (Mota et al, 2021), afetando o status imunológico do hospedeiro, semelhantemente ao que ocorre em felinos infectados pelo FIV.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Linfoma folicular de terceira pálpebra em um felino: Relato de caso de neoplasma raro associado à co-infecção viral por calicivírus, FIV e FeLV

Gil

Gonçalves

Neves

et al. 2021

RSD

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O linfoma representa cerca de 80% dos tumores hematopoiéticos nos felinos, sendo diagnosticado através de análises citopatológicas, histopatológicas e imunohistoquímicas. A classificação segue a localização anatômica (gastrointestinal, mediastínico, nodal e extranodal) e o grau (baixo, intermediário e alto). Assim, objetivou-se relatar um caso raro de linfoma em felino doméstico, macho, 8 anos, não vacinado, não castrado, semi-domiciliado e oriundo de comunidade socialmente vulnerável. Ao exame clínico, o felino apresentou condição corporal magro, apatia, desidratação, mucosas hipocoradas, linfonodos submandibulares e retrofaríngeos reativos, secreção ocular bilateral, exoftalmia, lesão e edema na face, prolapso de terceira pálpebra, nódulos cutâneos difusos e evidência de dor. A partir de exames laboratoriais, foi confirmado que o felino era positivo para FIV, FeLV e calicivirus, foram identificados fungos e bactérias na amostra ocular, no hemograma observou-se anemia, trombocitopenia, leucopenia e linfopenia. O paciente veio a óbito após a abordagem inicial, sem que tenha sido estabelecido protocolo terapêutico para o tratamento da neoplasia. O diagnóstico após exame histopatológico do tumor foi linfoma folicular de terceira pálpebra, com a presença de células linfocíticas neoplásicas com pleomorfismo moderado e escasso citoplasma distribuídas em frouxo tecido conjuntivo. O linfoma folicular em terceira pálpebra de felinos é raro, entretanto, é provável que animais semi-domiciliados, sem imunização vacinal sejam mais propensos a desenvolver este tipo de neoplasia por ação oncogênica viral associada a co-infecção por FIV e FeLV.

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Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Cited by 16 publications

References 83 publications

Prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus in domestic cats in Hungary

Prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus in domestic cats in Hungary

Twee gevallen van feliene pyothorax: medicamenteuze versus chirurgische behandeling en geassocieerde uitdagingen

Linfoma folicular de terceira pálpebra em um felino: Relato de caso de neoplasma raro associado à co-infecção viral por calicivírus, FIV e FeLV

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