Feline immudeficiency virus subtypes B and A in cats from São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil

Martins, Nathálya dos Santos; Rodrigues, Ana Paula de Sousa; Luz, L. A.; Reis, Luana da L Dos; Oliveira, Renata Mondêgo de; Oliveira, R. A. de; Abreu-Silva, Ana Lúcia; Reis, Jenner Karlisson Pimenta dos; Melo, Ferdinan Almeida

doi:10.1007/s00705-017-3636-2

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Subtype D has Zealand. Recombinant sequences were also found among the subtypes, which occurred between A-B, B-D, and A-C (Samman et al, 2011;Perhari c et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2017;Martins et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Detection and molecular characterisation of feline viruses from swab samples

Hasan

Can-Şahna

Ozbek

et al. 2021

AVet

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Feline calicivirus (FCV), feline alphaherpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) and feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) as well as retroviral agents such as feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are important viral pathogens of cats. The aim of this study was to detect and characterise FHV-1, FPLV, FeLV, FIV and feline foamy virus (FFV) in oropharyngeal, nasal and conjunctival swabs from 93 cats that had been screened for FCV previously. We wanted to determine the possible risk factors for infection with these viruses. The prevalence was found to be 12.9% for FHV-1 and 9.7% for FPLV. FIV was detected only in two samples and FeLV in one sample, whereas the presence of FFV was not demonstrated in any of the clinical samples. The statistical analysis of the results showed that breed, age, health status, and lifestyle are important predisposing factors to FHV-1 (P < 0.05). For FPLV, only clinically unhealthy animals were found to be at risk (P < 0.001). Sequence analysis revealed that the two FIV-positive samples in this study contained different (A and B) subtypes of the virus. This is the first report on the occurrence of subtype A FIV in Turkey.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Detection and molecular characterisation of feline viruses from swab samples

Hasan

Can-Şahna

Ozbek

et al. 2021

AVet

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“…Here, the reported prevalence estimates range from 2–37.5%. Preliminary studies suggested that FIV infection is widespread in the domestic cat population of Brazil, predominantly with subtype B, with a single report of subtype A circulation in cats in Maranhão, north-eastern Brazil, 5,21–24 but little is known about the prevalence and phylogeny of FIV in most states in the northeast region of Brazil. 5,25 Finally, a better characterization of FIV strains circulating within Brazil is required to augment our understanding of the significance of FIV in felids in this country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline immunodeficiency virus in Northern Ceará, Brazil

Teixeira

Taniwaki

Menezes

et al. 2019

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Objectives The objectives of this study were to confirm the prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in domestic cats in the region north of Ceará, Brazil, and to determine the factors associated with infection and the major circulating subtypes of the virus in this area. Methods Samples from 148 cats were collected and tested using anti-FIV antibody screening, with confirmation of positive results by PCR. Univariate analysis was performed considering the epidemiological characteristics and FIV status. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the gag and pol genes were performed to confirm the FIV subtype. Results Nine cats (6.1%) tested positive for FIV – one female (0.7%) and eight males (5.4%). Male cats were significantly more likely to be infected ( P <0.05). Phylogenetic analysis of gag and pol gene sequences indicated that the FIV isolates circulating in the study area belonged to subtype B. Conclusions and relevance In this study, we demonstrated a low prevalence for FIV in the northwest of Ceará, north-eastern Brazil. Male sex is a significant risk factor for FIV infection and the best predictive factor for FIV status. All isolates examined in this study clustered within subtype B, which is the predominant subtype in Brazil. This is the first report of genetic characterization of FIV in the state of Ceará, Brazil.

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“…FIV clade A strains are found worldwide [16,25,26,27,28]; the other clades show varying geographic prevalence, and the separate evolution of these clades in geographical distinct areas [14,29] and introduction into other areas has been proposed [15,26,30,31,32,33]. The most prevalent FIV clades found in Europe are A and B, with clade A being predominant in Northern Europe (Germany, Benelux, and the UK) [16,32,34,35,36] and clade B occurring more frequently in Southern Europe (Portugal, Italy, Austria, Croatia, and Turkey) [16,20,24,29,34,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In North America, FIV clades A, B, and C have been described [15,16,31,33]. In South America, clades A, B, and E have been reported, with clades B and E being predominant and clade E only being described in this geographic area so far [18,28,38,39,40,41]. Limited information on the FIV strains and clades is available for Asia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Sensitivity of the Serological Detection of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Potentially Due to Imported Genetic Variants

Frankenfeld

Meili

Meli

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus of domestic cats worldwide. Diagnosis usually relies on antibody screening by point-of-care tests (POCT), e.g., by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and confirmation using Western blot (WB). We increasingly observed ELISA-negative, WB-positive samples and aimed to substantiate these observations using 1194 serum/plasma samples collected from 1998 to 2019 primarily from FIV-suspect cats. While 441 samples tested positive and 375 tested negative by ELISA and WB, 81 samples had discordant results: 70 were false ELISA-negative (WB-positive) and 11 were false ELISA-positive (WB-negative); 297 ambiguous results were not analyzed further. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA (82% and 91%, respectively) were lower than those reported in 1995 (98% and 97%, respectively). The diagnostic efficiency was reduced from 97% to 86%. False ELISA-negative samples originated mainly (54%) from Switzerland (1995: 0%). Sixty-four false ELISA-negative samples were available for POCT (SNAPTM/WITNESSR): five were POCT-positive. FIV RT-PCR was positive for two of these samples and was weakly positive for two ELISA- and POCT-negative samples. Low viral loads prohibited sequencing. Our results suggest that FIV diagnosis has become more challenging, probably due to increasing travel by cats and the introduction of new FIV isolates not recognized by screening assays.

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Feline immudeficiency virus subtypes B and A in cats from São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Detection and molecular characterisation of feline viruses from swab samples

Detection and molecular characterisation of feline viruses from swab samples

Feline immunodeficiency virus in Northern Ceará, Brazil

Decreased Sensitivity of the Serological Detection of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Potentially Due to Imported Genetic Variants

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