Feline Idiopathic Cystitis: Pathogenesis, Histopathology and Comparative Potential

Jones, Emily; Palmieri, Chiara; Thompson, Mindi N.; Jackson, Karen V.; Allavena, Rachel

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.03.006

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 92 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…41 Ulcerations, Brunn's nest, and bladder wall edema identified in biopsy samples may reflect FIC as the initial cause of clinical signs or may highlight the similarities between these 2 conditions. 40 Because of its retrospective nature, our study had several limita- In conclusion, PMC in cats was associated with presumed or confirmed mineralization of the bladder. This mineralization does not appear to be associated with urease-positive bacterial infection, suggesting a different pathogenesis than for encrusting cystitis, although C. urealyticum cannot be conclusively ruled out and its role in PMC with concurrent mineralization requires further study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Histopathology identified fibrous tissue in 3/6 (50%) bladder samples, which also has been reported in cases of FIC. 40 These findings suggest a more chronic etiology despite the acute presentation in the majority of cases. Because the majority of cats were presented for UO, it can be speculated that repeated bladder distention may result in altered wall contractibility (which may be supported by the undulating appearance of the wall on US in 23% of the cats) and may lead to fibrotic changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pseudomembranous cystitis in cats with presumed or confirmed mineralization: A retrospective study of 26 cases (2016‐2021)

Labelle,

Penninck,

Butty

et al. 2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundPseudomembranous cystitis (PMC) in cats is a recognized disease, but concurrent mineralization is reported rarely and its outcome is poorly described.Hypothesis and ObjectivesDescribe a population of cats with PMC and the prevalence of concurrent mineralization.AnimalsTwenty‐six cats with PMC.MethodsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed (January 2016 to December 2021). Cats with an ultrasound diagnosis of PMC were included. Clinicopathologic results, imaging, treatment, and outcome were reviewed.ResultsAll cats were male and 21 (80%) were diagnosed with urethral obstruction (UO). Five cats (23.8%) had positive urine culture (Staphylococcus felis, 3/5; Proteus mirabilis, 2/5) with a median urine pH of 8 (range, 6‐9). All cats had ultrasonographic changes suggestive of mineralization. On ultrasound examination, 10 cats (38.5%) had pseudomembranes with acoustic shadowing suggestive of mineralization, 15 (57.7%) had changes indicative of ulceration, and 8 (31%) had changes compatible with of a urachal anomaly. Twenty‐two cats received medical treatment, 4 underwent surgery (3 percutaneous cystolithotomy, 1 cystotomy). Twenty cats (77%) survived to discharge. Follow‐up ultrasound examination indicated resolution of PMC in 6/7 cats, 4 had persistent hyperechoic bladder lining. Five of 12 cats with follow‐up had a relapse of lower urinary tract signs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePseudomembranous cystitis was diagnosed mainly in male cats with UO and imaging findings suggestive of mineralization were present in all cases. Frequent negative urine culture suggests a different etiology than encrusting cystitis related to urease‐positive bacteria. Good outcomes can be achieved with medical management.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Pseudomembranous cystitis in cats with presumed or confirmed mineralization: A retrospective study of 26 cases (2016‐2021)

Labelle,

Penninck,

Butty

et al. 2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Also, urine samples should be collected by sterile method and should not be refrigerated or stored for too many hours before examination to avoid false-positive or exaggerated results from appearing, for instance, crystals ( 9 , 101 , 102 ). Moreover, bladder biopsy and histopathology is the gold standards to diagnose neoplasia, while it is unnecessary for the clinical diagnosis of FIC because histopathologic abnormalities are not pathognomonic for FIC ( 9 , 103 ).…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histologically, FIC in cats resembles the non-ulcerative form of IC/BPS in human beings ( 52 , 103 ), so some potential biomarkers of IC/BPS may play a similar role in FIC. In urine of IC/BPS patients, anti-proliferative factor (APF), hemoglobin-binding endothelial growth factor (HB-EGF), endothelial growth factor (EGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF) have all been proposed as biomarkers ( 113 , 114 ).…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Potential Biomarkers and Management of Feline Idiopathic Cystitis: An Update Review

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Feline idiopathic cystitis is a widespread disease in small animal clinics, which mainly presents with urinary signs like dysuria, stranguria, hematuria, pollakiuria, and periuria. The etiopathogenesis of the disease may involve interactions between the environmental stressors, neuroendocrine system and bladder of affected cats. Diagnostic biomarkers have not been tested in clinical studies though they are theoretically feasible, and since the clinical signs of the disease assemble those of other feline lower urinary diseases, its diagnosis is a procedure of exclusion. The primary treatment of the disease is long-term multimodal environmental modification (or enrichment) while anti-anxiety drugs and nutritional supplements are recommended for chronic recurrent cases. Still, many medicines need to be evaluated for their efficacy and safety. This review aims to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of feline idiopathic cystitis by summarizing and updating studies concerning the prevalence, risk factors, etiological hypotheses, diagnostic procedures, possible treatments, and prognosis of the disease.

show abstract

“…Diagnosis of FIC is based on exclusion of all other associated LUTD. It is a spontaneously occurring, non-infectious chronic disease of feline bladder with waxing and waning clinical signs (Jones et al, 2021).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of etiology, risk factors and clinical signs of feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) in Northern Kerala

Nithin¹,

Sindhu²,

Habeeb³

et al. 2023

Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) describes multiple ailments and diseases associated with bladder and urethra of cats. A total of 37 cats presented with clinical signs pertaining to lower urinary tract disorders were evaluated in the current study. There were 96.3 per cent males and 3.7 per cent females with maximum distribution in the age group between one to two years (p<0.01). Persian cats (p<0.001) were mostly diagnosed with FLUTD with occurrence of 75.68 per cent. Most of the cats (72.97 per cent) were diagnosed with feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC). The other causes of FLUTD diagnosed were bacterial cystitis (8.12 per cent), bladder rupture/ urine seepage (8.12 per cent), pseudomembranous cystitis (5.4 per cent) and urethral plugs (5.4 per cent). Dry diet and indoor habitat were found to be risk factors (p<0.001) for FLUTD. Clinical signs associated with lower urinary tract like stranguria, pollakiuria and periuria were commonly noticed.

show abstract

Feline Idiopathic Cystitis: Pathogenesis, Histopathology and Comparative Potential

Cited by 11 publications

References 92 publications

Pseudomembranous cystitis in cats with presumed or confirmed mineralization: A retrospective study of 26 cases (2016‐2021)

Pseudomembranous cystitis in cats with presumed or confirmed mineralization: A retrospective study of 26 cases (2016‐2021)

Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Potential Biomarkers and Management of Feline Idiopathic Cystitis: An Update Review

Evaluation of etiology, risk factors and clinical signs of feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) in Northern Kerala

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About