“…Across affective concerns, algorithms reflecting valence arise in the hedonic quality of affective experience, often described as pleasure and displeasure, marking how adaptation is faring with respect to the concern at the heart of the affective phenomenon ( Becker et al, 2019 , this issue). This characteristic of affective phenomena can be construed to have multiple dimensions, such as when both positive and negative valence seem to be present (e.g., nostalgia) ( Colombetti, 2005 ; Keltner and Lerner, 2010 ; Viinikainen et al, 2010 ; Batcho, 2013 ; Vazard, 2022 ). There are more recent formal accounts of the mechanism of valence—some from the perspective of the environment being good, while others of the view that it is the evaluation of the environment being good (e.g., Rutledge et al, 2014 ; Joffily and Coricelli, 2013 ; Hesp et al, 2021 )—but it is largely agreed upon that valence is an intrinsic characteristic of affective phenomena, momentarily describing adaptivity ( Charland, 2005 ; Berridge and Kringelbach, 2008 ; Van de Cruys, 2017 ; Trofimova, 2018 ).…”