Feedstuffs as a vehicle of cattle exposure to Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica

Davis, Margaret A.; Hancock, Dale D.; Rice, Daniel H.; Call, Douglas R.; Rf, DiGiacomo; Samadpour, Mansour; Besser, Thomas E.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(03)00159-7

Cited by 94 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…There are a number of potential environmental sources of E. coli O157, including wild animals, farm vehicles, ingredients in animal feed (8,9), and farm employees, which may transfer transient bacteria onto a farm (3,11,27,28). Manure management, water trough sanitation, and feed management (13,15) all contribute to preventing transient bacteria from becoming resident.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Level Genotypic Variation and Antibiotic Sensitivity among Escherichia coli O157 Strains Isolated from Two Scottish Beef Cattle Farms

Vali

Wisely

Pearce

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a human pathogen that is carried and transmitted by cattle. Scotland is known to have one of the highest rates of E. coli O157 human infections in the world. Two hundred ninety-three isolates were obtained from naturally infected cattle and the environment on two farms in the Scottish Highlands. The isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with XbaI restriction endonuclease enzyme, and 19 different variations in patterns were found. There was considerable genomic diversity within the E. coli O157 population on the two farms. The PFGE pattern of one of the observed subtypes matched exactly with that of a strain obtained from a Scottish patient with hemolytic-uremic syndrome. To examine the stability of an individual E. coli O157 strain, continuous subculturing of a strain was performed 110 times. No variation from the original PFGE pattern was observed. We found three indistinguishable subtypes of E. coli O157 on both study farms, suggesting common sources of infection. We also examined the antibiotic resistance of the isolated strains. Phenotypic studies demonstrated resistance of the strains to sulfamethoxazole (100%), chloramphenicol (3.07%), and at a lower rate, other antibiotics, indicating the preservation of antibiotic sensitivity in a rapidly changing population of E. coli O157.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Level Genotypic Variation and Antibiotic Sensitivity among Escherichia coli O157 Strains Isolated from Two Scottish Beef Cattle Farms

Vali

Wisely

Pearce

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…To analyze the genetic relationship between isolates of E. coli ONT:H25 and E. coli O157:H7, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) separation of digested chromosomal DNA was performed as previously described (15). DNA was restricted with XbaI, and fragments were resolved in 1% agarose gels with 0.5ϫ Tris-borate-EDTA electrophoresis buffer using a contour-clamped homogeneous electric field DR-III electrophoresis chamber (Bio-Rad, Richmond, Calif.).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Shiga Toxin-, Intimin-, and Enterotoxin Hemolysin-Producing Escherichia coli ONT:H25 Strain Commonly Isolated from Healthy Cattle

et al. 2005

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Among bovine fecal and recto-anal mucosal swab samples cultured in our laboratory for Escherichia coli O157:H7, we frequently isolated E. coli organisms that were phenotypically similar to the O157:H7 serotype as non-sorbitol fermenting and negative for ␤-glucuronidase activity but serotyped O nontypeable:H25 (ONT: H25). This study determined the prevalence and virulence properties of the E. coli ONT:H25 isolates. Among dairy and feedlot cattle (n ‫؍‬ 170) sampled in Washington, Idaho, and Alberta, Canada, the percentage of animals culture positive for E. coli ONT:H25 ranged from 7.5% to 22.5%, compared to the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 that ranged from 0% to 15%. A longitudinal 8-month study of dairy heifers (n ‫؍‬ 40) showed that 0 to 15% of the heifers were culture positive for E. coli O157:H7, while 15 to 22.5% of the animals were culture positive for E. coli ONT:H25. As determined by a multiplex PCR, the E. coli ONT:H25 isolates carried a combination of virulence genes characteristic of the enterohemorrhagic E. coli, including intimin, translocated intimin receptor, Stx2, and hemolysin (eae-␤, tir, stx 2vh-a , and hly). E. coli ONT:H25 isolates from diverse geographic locations and over time were fingerprinted by separating XbaI-restricted chromosomal DNA by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) separation. Two strains of E. coli ONT:H25 were highly similar by PFGE pattern. Experimental inoculation of cattle showed that E. coli ONT:H25, like E. coli O157:H7, colonized the bovine recto-anal junction mucosa for more than 4 weeks following a single rectal application of bacteria.Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) organisms that cause hemorrhagic colitis and the potentially fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) are classed as enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) (16,28,45). Although the majority of HUS cases in humans have been associated with the EHEC serotype O157:H7 (27, 32), non-O157 serotypes also cause disease and are more common than E. coli O157:H7 in some geographical areas (18,22,36,46). There are over 200 different serotypes of STEC (32), and the number associated with human illness exceeds 100 (6). Domestic ruminants are important reservoirs of STEC and are the most common source for foodborne and animal-contact infections (13). Investigations throughout the world reveal that 10 to 80% of cattle are infected with STEC (5, 6, 49; http://www.who.int/emc-documents /zoonoses/whocsraph988c.html). Non-O157 STEC strains are more prevalent in animals and as contaminants in foods and water than E. coli O157 and, therefore, presumably humans are more frequently exposed to them (9, 10, 27). In the United States, it is estimated that 20% to 50% of STEC human infections are caused by non-O157:H7 serotypes (1, 2).The recto-anal junction (RAJ) mucosa has recently been identified as a site of E. coli O157:H7 colonization in the bovine gastrointestinal tract (33). This finding was supported by earlier observations in mature cattle that E. coli O157:H7 persists in the lower gastrointestinal tract an...

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“…Animal feed is an important component in preharvest Salmonella control programs (3,7,13,17). Animal feed has been considered one transmission vehicle for food-borne pathogens such as Salmonella in various food animals, including cattle (6,14,16), swine (4,7,8,20,23), and poultry (2,15,21). Food-producing animals, including swine, are one of the primary sources of Salmonella enterica human infections, and contaminated feed is a recognized source of such infection of food animals (5) and thus present a potential public health hazard.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Application of genotypic approaches such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) has been employed for subtyping of Salmonella isolates of diverse origin and has been very useful to investigate molecular epidemiology of the pathogen. In previous studies, PFGE has been used to investigate the possible risk of cross-contamination of various foodborne pathogens, such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 recovered from various sources, including cattle, broilers, fish meal and other feed types, animals, and humans (2,6,19). The objective of the current study was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic relatedness of Salmonella isolates recovered from commercially processed swine feed and compare it with that of isolates of fecal and barn environmental origin recovered from the same swine barns as well as from different ones in commercial swine production systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

Salmonella entericain Commercial Swine Feed and Subsequent Isolation of Phenotypically and Genotypically Related Strains from Fecal Samples

Molla

Sterman

Mathews

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence and genotypic relatedness of Salmonella enterica isolates recovered from feed and fecal samples in commercial swine production units. Of 275 feed samples, Salmonella was detected in 10 feed samples that originated from 8 of 36 (22.2%) barns, with a prevalence of 3.6% (10/275 samples). In fecal samples, a prevalence of 17.2% was found at the early finishing stage (1,180/6,880 samples), with a significant reduction in prevalence (7.4%) when pigs reached market age (392/5,321 samples). Of the 280 Salmonella isolates systematically selected for further characterization, 50% of the feed isolates and 55.3% of the isolates of fecal origin showed similar phenotypes based on antimicrobial resistance patterns and serogrouping. About 44% of the isolates were multidrug resistant. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotyping grouped the 46 representative isolates into five genotypic clusters, of which four of the clusters consisted of genotypically related isolates recovered from feed and fecal samples. The occurrence of genotypically related and, in some cases, clonal strains, including multidrug-resistant isolates in commercially processed feed and fecal samples, suggests the high significance of commercial feed as a potential vehicle of Salmonella transmission.

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Feedstuffs as a vehicle of cattle exposure to Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica

Cited by 94 publications

References 21 publications

High-Level Genotypic Variation and Antibiotic Sensitivity among Escherichia coli O157 Strains Isolated from Two Scottish Beef Cattle Farms

High-Level Genotypic Variation and Antibiotic Sensitivity among Escherichia coli O157 Strains Isolated from Two Scottish Beef Cattle Farms

Characterization of a Shiga Toxin-, Intimin-, and Enterotoxin Hemolysin-Producing Escherichia coli ONT:H25 Strain Commonly Isolated from Healthy Cattle

Salmonella entericain Commercial Swine Feed and Subsequent Isolation of Phenotypically and Genotypically Related Strains from Fecal Samples

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