Feeding VLBWs with Mother’s Own Milk. Italian Monocentric Analysis

Abstract

Mothers’ own milk (MOM) for premature babies is considered a life-saving drug for its proven protective action against the complications of prematurity and for the effects on the outcome in the short and long term, especially the neurological one. We studied the use of the MOM for WLBWs over a 5-year period. Statistical comparisons concerned data on feeding with the MOM during stay in NICU and at discharge with respect to maternal and neonatal variables (gestational age, birth weight, type of pregnancy if single or twin, maternal age) and to feeding data (timing of the start of the Minimal Enteral Feeding and the availability of the MOM, the achievement of the Full Enteral Feeding, the type of nutrition at discharge). We observed an increase, between 2017 and 2021, of MOM use (p=0.003). The availability of the MOM occurred on average on the fourth day of life and improved over the years. Start of MEF with human milk averaged 1.78 days and 54.3% of VLBWs received MEF with donor milk on the first day of life (50% within the first 6 hours). The average MOM at discharge was 47.6% with 36.1% exclusive MOM (EMOM) and an increase from 45.8% in 2017 (EMOM 33.3%) to 58.82% (EMOM 41.18%) in 2021. The mean average daily growth of the weight improved (p<0.001) during this period. There is no statistical difference between infants fed with MOM and those fed with bank milk. The maternal age, the start day of the MOM feeding and gestational age have a significant impact on the type of feeding at discharge.