Feeding Value of Slowly Degraded Proteins

Stock, Rick; Merchen, N. R.; Klopfenstein, Terry J.; Poos, Mary I.

doi:10.2527/jas1981.5341109x

Cited by 66 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, using MBM as an escape protein source has had variable results (Stock et al, 1981). Meat and bone meal varies in ruminal escape protein, amino acid composition, and amino acid availability (Knabe et al, 1989;Gibb et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limiting amino acids in meat and bone and poultry by-product meals.

Klemesrud

Klopfenstein²,

Lewis³

et al. 1997

Journal of Animal Science

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ABSTRACT:In situ, digestion, and growth studies were conducted to evaluate four meat and bone meals and six poultry by-product meals as sources of escape protein and to predict the first-limiting amino acid for growing calves. Escape protein values, determined by 12-h in situ incubation, ranged from 41.7 to 51.0% of CP for meat and bone meals; poultry by-product meals ranged from 32.0 to 39.8%. True protein digestion in the gastrointestinal tract of lambs differed among protein sources ( P < .05), ranging from 79 to 95%. In each of three growth trials, 60 steers (258 ± 24, 241 ± 23, and 230 ± 16 kg for Trials 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were supplemented with 4 of the 10 protein sources along with a urea supplement. Protein sources were fed at 30, 40, 50, and 60% of the supplemental CP, with urea supplying the remainder. Protein efficiency differed among treatments ( P < .10), ranging from .61 to 1.55. Amino acid composition was determined for each protein source, and the individual metabolizable amino acids were regressed on the protein efficiency values. Escape protein values were correlated ( R 2 = .75) with protein efficiency but had a negative slope. Metabolizable methionine was the only amino acid moderately correlated ( R 2 = .40, slope = 1.9) to protein efficiency, whereas other amino acids either correlated poorly or had negative slopes. These data indicate that the protein value of meat and bone meal and poultry by-product meal is limited by the amount of metabolizable methionine they contain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limiting amino acids in meat and bone and poultry by-product meals.

Klemesrud

Klopfenstein²,

Lewis³

et al. 1997

Journal of Animal Science

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“…No differences (P > 0.10) in gain:feed were observed among cattle with increasing urea levels for the overall finishing period. Calves given soybean meal-urea and slowly degradable proteins with urea converted feed more efficiently than those fed an all-urea supplement (Stock et al 1981). In contrast, Barajas and Zinn (1998) found that cottonseed meal tended to decrease feed efficiency by 7% and dietary NEm and NEg by 4 and 6%, respectively, compared with supplemental urea alone when included in a dry-rolled corn or a steam-flaked corn diet.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary urea concentration on performance and health of receiving cattle and performance and carcass characteristics of finishing cattle

et al. 2003

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. 2003. Effects of dietary urea concentration on performance and health of receiving cattle and performance and carcass characteristics of finishing cattle. 83: 569-575. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 83: Effects of urea concentration for receiving and finishing cattle were examined. In exp.1, 197 newly received beef steers (188 kg) were used, and treatments included 0, 0.5, or 1.0% urea [dry matter (DM) basis] in a 70 or 75% concentrate (steamflaked corn-based) diet. A quadratic response (P < 0.05) was observed for dry matter intake (DMI) of concentrate and total DMI during days 0 to 14 with DMI lower for 0.5% urea. A quadratic (P < 0.10) increase in gain:feed for 0.5% urea was noted during days 15 to 28 and days 0 to 28. Urea concentration did not affect bovine respiratory disease (BRD) morbidity. In exp. 2, 235 yearling beef steers (379 kg) and 126 yearling beef heifers (346 kg) were used to evaluate 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 1.75% urea concentrations in a steam-flaked sorghum grain-based diet. Average daily gain (ADG) (1.44, 1.48, 1.51, 1.47, and 1.43 kg for 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 1.75% urea, respectively), DMI (9.4, 9.3, 9.6, 9.4, kg and 9.2 for 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 1.75% urea, respectively), and gain:feed (0.153, 0.160, 0.157, 0.157, and 0.157 for 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 1.75% urea, respectively) did not differ (P > 0.10) among treatments for the overall experiment. No major differences were noted for carcass characteristics. Optimum level of dietary urea for newly received beef cattle fed 70 to 75% concentrate diets is approximately 0.5% of the DM for maximum feed efficiency and added urea concentrations did not alter performance or carcass characteristics to a great extent with steam-flaked sorghum grain-based finishing diets. . L'ingestion de la matière sèche venant du concentré et de la matière sèche totale suit une réaction quadratique (P < 0,05) du premier au 14 e jour, avec baisse de l'ingestion quand la concentration d'urée est de 0,5 %. La même quantité d'urée entraîne une hausse quadratique (P < 0,10) du ratio gain:aliment entre le 15 e et le 28 e jour ainsi qu'entre le premier et le 28 e jour. La concentration d'urée n'affecte pas la morbidité de la grippe bovine. Dans le cadre de la deuxième expérience, les auteurs ont évalué les effets d'une ration de flocons de sorgho contenant 0, 0,5, 1,0, 1,5 ou 1,75 % d'urée sur 2 235 bouvillons d'un an (379 kg) et 126 génisses du même âge (346 kg). Les traitements n'ont pas entraîné de variation (P > 0,10) du gain quotidien moyen (1,44, 1,48, 1,51, 1,47 et 1,43 kg pour 0, 0,5, 1,0, 1,5 et 1,75 % d'urée, respectivement), de l'ingestion de matière sèche (9,4, 9,3, 9,6, 9,4 et 9,2 kg pour les mêmes concentrations) ni du ratio gain:aliment (0,153, 0,160, 0,157, 0,157 et 0,157). Les auteurs n'ont pas relevé non plus de variation importante au niveau des paramètres de la carcasse. La concentration optimale d'urée pour les bovins de boucherie engraissés avec une ration contenant 70 à 75 % de concentré correspond à environ 0,5 % de la matière sèche pour l'indice de consommation; la conce...

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“…Digestibility (Table 3) and VFI (Table 4) of untreated straw were unaffected by the source of N supplementation. Addition of natural protein to diets containing low-quality forage has been observed to improve digestibility, VFI and growth rate in cattle (Stock et al 1981;Fernandez-Rivera et al 1989). Improvement in digestibility due to rumen degradable true protein has been credited to the stimulatory effect of amino acids on cellulolytic activity (Stack and Cotta 1986).…”

Section: Recovery Of Added Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of barley straw, chemically treated with ammonium sulfite, anhydrous ammonia or urea, by ruminants

Rode¹,

Jakober²,

Kudo³

et al. 1997

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Utilization of barley straw, chemically treated with ammonium sulfite, anhydrous ammonia or urea, by ruminants. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77: 105-109. Straw treated with anhydrous ammonia, ammonium sulfite, urea or left untreated was examined in a series of feeding experiments to determine the relative efficacy of the treatments to improve the nutritive value of barley straw. In exp. 1, diets containing ammonia-and ammonium sulfite-treated barley straw were more digestible (P < 0.05) than diets with untreated straw. In exp. 2, average daily gain (ADG) and voluntary feed intake (VFI) were greatest for heifers fed ammonia-treated straw, followed by heifers fed urea-treated straw, and then by heifers fed ammonium sulfite-treated straw. Heifers fed untreated straw had the lowest ADG and VFI (P < 0.05). Although ammonium sulfite treatment improved straw digestibility, the relatively low VFI resulted in ADG lower than for animals fed other treated straw. The low VFI was attributed to the high level of sulfur in the diet. Anhydrous ammonia and urea were found to be the most effective chemicals for improving the nutritive value of barley straw. Although ammonium sulfite was as effective an anhydrous ammonia in improving digestibility of straw, it cannot be recommended because the application rates, necessary for effective treatment, resulted in depressed feed intake. Dans une seconde expérience, le GMQ et l'ingéré alimentaire libre (IAL) étaient les plus élevés chez les génisses consommant la paille traitée à l'ammoniac. Venaient ensuite la paille traitée à l'urée puis celle traitée au sulfite d'ammonium. C'est les génisses consommant la paille non traitée qui démontraient le GMQ et le IAL le plus bas (P < 0,05). Bien que le traitement au sulfite d'ammonium ait amélioré la digestibilité de la paille, le IAL relativement bas se traduisait par un GMQ plus faible que celui obtenu avec les deux autres traitements de la paille. On explique ce faible IAL par le taux élevé de soufre contenu dans l'aliment. L'ammoniac anhydre et l'urée se révélaient les produits chimiques les plus efficaces pour améliorer la valeur nutritive de la paille d'orge. Même si le sulfite d'ammonium n'était pas aussi efficace que l'ammoniac anhydre pour améliorer la digestibilité de la paille, on ne peut pas en recommander l'usage, du fait de al chute du taux d'ingestion alimentaire observée aux doses d'utilisation requises.

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Feeding Value of Slowly Degraded Proteins

Cited by 66 publications

References 9 publications

Limiting amino acids in meat and bone and poultry by-product meals.

Limiting amino acids in meat and bone and poultry by-product meals.

Effects of dietary urea concentration on performance and health of receiving cattle and performance and carcass characteristics of finishing cattle

Utilization of barley straw, chemically treated with ammonium sulfite, anhydrous ammonia or urea, by ruminants

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