Feeding value of ensiled high-moisture maize grain with cob for growing-finishing pigs

Gatel, F.; Grosjean, François; Castaing, J.

doi:10.1016/0377-8401(88)90038-7

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, the use of acids to decrease fibre is unattractive because of safety, and environmental and economic concerns. Ensiling has reduced fibre content in forages (Gatel et al, 1988;Khan et al, 2006;Rezaei et al, 2009) and could therefore improve the value of maize cobs as a pig feed resource. Maize cobs are difficult to ensile owing to the high DM content and low levels of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations required for lactic acid production (McDonald et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of whey, molasses and exogenous enzymes on the ensiling characteristics, nutrient composition and aerobic stability of maize cobs

Kanengoni¹,

Nkosi²,

Chimonyo³

et al. 2016

SA J. An. Sci.

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The study was conducted to assess the effects of whey, molasses and exogenous enzymes on fermentation, aerobic stability and nutrient composition of ensiled maize cobs. Five treatments were ensiled in 1.5 L anaerobic glass jars over 32 days, namely i) control (maize cobs without additives (CON); ii) maize cobs with sugarcane molasses only (MOL); iii) MOL and whey (MOW); iv) MOW and exogenous enzyme at 0.5 g/kg maize cob mixture (ENZ1) and v) MOW and exogenous enzyme at 1 g/kg maize cob mixture (ENZ2). There was a day effect on gross energy (GE) for CON, MOL, ENZ1 and ENZ2 and none for MOW. There was a day effect in ADF for MOL, ENZ1 and ENZ2 and none for CON and MOW. There was lower dry matter (DM) on day 32 compared with day 0 for all treatments. There were treatment effects for GE, crude protein (CP), ash, ether extract, amylase-treated neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre (ADF). On day 32, the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and ADF concentrations in CON were higher than in MOL, MOW and ENZ2. At day 32, CON silage pH (4.2) was lower than the pH values of ENZ1 (4.5) and ENZ2 (4.6) silages. Acetic acid levels were higher in ENZ1 than ENZ2 silages. Ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) levels averaged 25 ± 6.6 g NH 3 -N/kg total nitrogen, which is indicative of satisfactory ensiling. The MOL, ENZ1 and ENZ2 silages produced more carbon dioxide than CON and MOW silages. The addition of molasses and whey did not improve the nutritive quality of the maize cobs after ensiling. Ensiling maize cobs with molasses, whey and exogenous enzymes resulted in lower DM and fibre levels in the maize cobs, which could enhance intake and digestibility of nutrients when offered to pigs as a component of a balanced diet. Further investigations using higher concentrations of whey and molasses are warranted to improve the energy and protein composition of the maize cobs. ______________________________________________________________________________________

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of whey, molasses and exogenous enzymes on the ensiling characteristics, nutrient composition and aerobic stability of maize cobs

Kanengoni¹,

Nkosi²,

Chimonyo³

et al. 2016

SA J. An. Sci.

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“…Although ensiling is essentially the use of controlled fermentation to preserve a crop or material of high moisture by creating anaerobic conditions ( McDonald et al, 1991 ), it can also reduce the levels of the fiber in the maize cobs ( Gatel et al, 1988 ; Millet et al, 2005 ; Khan et al, 2006 ; Rezaei et al, 2009 ). Silage fermentation is a dynamic process that requires good anaerobiosis and a low pH; conditions which are unfortunately difficult to attain with maize cobs.…”

Section: Approaches To Improving Maize Cob Utilization By Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Using Maize Cobs in Pig Diets — A Review

Kanengoni

Chimonyo

Ndimba

et al. 2015

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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The quest to broaden the narrow range of feed ingredients available to pig producers has prompted research on the use of low cost, unconventional feedstuffs, which are typically fibrous and abundant. Maize cobs, a by-product of a major cereal grown worldwide, have potential to be used as a pig feed ingredient. Presently, maize cobs are either dumped or burnt for fuel. The major challenge in using maize cobs in pig diets is their lignocellulosic nature (45% to 55% cellulose, 25% to 35% hemicellulose, and 20% to 30% lignin) which is resistant to pigs’ digestive enzymes. The high fiber in maize cobs (930 g neutral detergent fiber/kg dry matter [DM]; 573 g acid detergent fiber/kg DM) increases rate of passage and sequestration of nutrients in the fiber reducing their digestion. However, grinding, heating and fermentation can modify the structure of the fibrous components in the maize cobs and improve their utilization. Pigs can also extract up to 25% of energy maintenance requirements from fermentation products. In addition, dietary fiber improves pig intestinal health by promoting the growth of lactic acid bacteria, which suppress proliferation of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines. This paper reviews maize cob composition and the effect on digestibility of nutrients, intestinal microflora and growth performance and proposes the use of ensiling using exogenous enzymes to enhance utilization in diets of pigs.

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“…Researchers in Japan have made progress toward TMR feed, and Shimazawa (2009) studied on high-quality pork production using local agricultural by- product. European countries have used by-products to make concentrates, especially, feeding liquid by-products or feeding high-moisture maize grain by-products were used for feeding grow-finish pigs (Gatel et al, 1988). Monorail type feeder was used to deliver roughage to the animals (WATTAgNet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Total Mixed Ration Feeding System for Feeding Pigs (1) - Development of Monorail Traveling TMR Feeder for Grow-Finish Pigs -

Kim

Hong

et al. 2013

Journal of Biosystems Engineering

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Purpose: Recent research showed that total mixed ration (TMR) feeding for pigs improved the productivity and reduced feed cost and manure odor. An automatic TMR feeding system was developed for this study because the conventional feeder cannot deliver the TMR containing roughage. Methods: Conventional feeding systems and physical properties of TMR were surveyed, and performance tests of the conventional feeder were conducted to develop a TMR feeder. Based on the TMR feeder was developed and installed, driving, measuring weight, radio frequency identification (RFID) reading, and discharging test for feeding were conducted to ensure the performance. Results: Moisture content, density, and angle of repose of the TMR 1 (mixture of 30% cut IRG silage and 70% concentrates) were 31.6%, 387 kg/m 3 , and 51°, respectively. Moisture content, density, and angle of repose of the TMR 2 (mixture of 45% concentrates, 30% cut IRG silage and byproducts, 10% bean curd refuse, 10% others, and 5% fermenter) were 22.2%, 544 kg/m 3 , and 50°, respectively. The coefficient of variation (C.V.) of conventional concentrate feeding were 1.9~4.1%, and C.V. of TMR containing 1~3% cut IRG roughage feeding by conventional feeder were 9~42%. The conventional disc type feeder was not suitable for TMR feeding because the supply unit was clogged. The C.V. of TMR 1 was 0.6~7.9% when 0.5~10 kg of the TMR supplied, and it was suitable for feeding grow-finish pigs and sows. On the contrary, the C.V. with TMR 2 was 28% when 0.5 kg of the TMR supplied, and it was not suitable for feeding sows. Conclusions: The TMR feeder developed in this study was suitable for feeding grow-finish pigs because the feeder performed stably with over 5.0 kg feed. However, the feeder showed a lack of accuracy for feeding sows because the amount of each feed was more than 0.5 kg per a feeding. Therefore, the improvement of outlet structure for accurate feeding is needed for sow feeding.

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Feeding value of ensiled high-moisture maize grain with cob for growing-finishing pigs

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of whey, molasses and exogenous enzymes on the ensiling characteristics, nutrient composition and aerobic stability of maize cobs

Effects of whey, molasses and exogenous enzymes on the ensiling characteristics, nutrient composition and aerobic stability of maize cobs

Potential of Using Maize Cobs in Pig Diets — A Review

A Study on Total Mixed Ration Feeding System for Feeding Pigs (1) - Development of Monorail Traveling TMR Feeder for Grow-Finish Pigs -

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