Feeding, Reproductive, and Nesting Behavior ofCanthon bispinusGermar (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Feeding and reproductive behavior of the dung beetle Canthon rutilans cyanescens (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae)

“…The female can perform numerous copulas, and it has one functional ovarian and a spermatheca, where it stores the male's sperm and uses it gradually (Halffter and Edmonds, 1982). The food and brood balls construction behavior of the subspecies C. rutilans cyanescens is similar to the necrophagous species C. bispinus (González-Vainer, 2015), however, the C. rutilans cyanescens brood ball has a particular format when compared to the famous piriform shape, here named as "water drop". The development time from egg to adult was similar to the subspecies C. cyanellus cyanellus (Favila, 2001), around 30 days.…”

The reproductive behavior of Neotropical dung beetles

“…This behavior has been reported in different species of dung beetles next to the food source or a food ball, irrespective of whether a female is present, such as Canthon bispinus, C. chalybaeus, Blanchard, C. femoralis, C. cyanellus, C. lituratus, C. virens. However, in all these species, no female was observed arriving (Bellés and Favila, 1983;Favila and Díaz, 1996;Rodrigues and Flechtmann, 1997;Silveira et al, 2006;Vaz-de-Mello and Génier, 2009;Favila et al, 2012;Halffter et al, 2013;Cantil et al, 2014b;González-Vainer, 2015;Martín et al, 2021). In C. cyanellus and C. quiquemaculatus, the male exhibits this behavior in a nest where a female is already present (Bellés and Favila, 1983;Cantil et al, 2014b).…”

“…Studies on fights between females for food resources are even scarcer. Fight dynamics during the pre-reproductive and reproductive stages have been mentioned or addressed in field and laboratory studies of only six species: Phanaeus tridens, Laporte, Onthophagus acuminatus, Harold, Canthon quinquemaculatus, Laporte, C. lituratus, Germar, C. bispinus Germar, and C. cyanellus (Halffter and Edmonds, 1982;Favila, 1988;Favila and Díaz, 1996;Rodrigues and Flechtmann, 1997;Price and May, 2009;Halffter et al, 2013;Cantil et al, 2014b;González-Vainer, 2015;Salomão et al, 2019).…”

“…Specifically, in C. quinquemaculatus a case is mentioned where the male rolling the food ball with a female was displaced by the intruder and the female that was rolling with the owner male remained with the thief (Rodrigues and Flechtmann, 1997;Halffter et al, 2013;Cantil et al, 2014b). In C. bispinus, intrasexual fights for the food ball were recorded during the food ball rolling and burying by male-female pairs (González-Vainer, 2015).…”

First observation on the predation of a non-arthropod species by a dung beetle species: The case of Canthon chalybaeus and the snail Bulimulus apodemetes

“…Deltochilini, Phanaeini). In some cases, necrophagy becomes an obligatory condition when the immature stages necessarily require a supply of carrion for their development, as documented in several Canthon species [ 1 – 3 ]. In other cases, this condition is optional, being considered the species as copro-necrophagous [ 1 ].…”