Feeding Reproducing Swine and Neonatal Pigs

Johnston, Lee J

doi:10.1002/9781119583998.ch22

Cited by 3 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Over the past 30 years, proliferation, leanness, and weight of modern sows have considerably changed [ 1 ]. These changes suggest that the nutrient requirements of gestating sows may have increased, and thus, it is necessary to re-evaluate these requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimated standardized ileal digestible lysine requirement based on total born piglets alive per litter with four different statistical model1) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) MG, mid-gestation (days 42 to 76); LG, late gestation (days 77 to 103); Req., requirement.2) 95% of the upper asymptotic value for MG and LG, 12.4 and 17.4 g/d.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) concentrations on lactation performance in sows1) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of standardized ileal digestible lysine concentrations on subsequent reproductive performance in sows1) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standardized ileal digestible lysine requirement of pregnant sows under commercial conditions

Jo,

Kim

2023

Anim Biosci

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Objective: The present experiment aimed to determine standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) requirements for pregnant sows individually housed under commercial farm conditions.Methods: Two hundred multiparous sows (parity = 5.1±2.0) on day 42 of gestation were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments with a balanced parity. Experimental diets were formulated to contain 0.22%, 0.32%, 0.42%, 0.52%, and 0.62% of SID Lys for the mid-gestation period (days 42 to 76) and 0.36%, 0.46%, 0.56%, 0.66%, and 0.76% of SID Lys for the late gestation period (days 77 to 103). All indispensable amino acids except Lys were provided at 110% of their requirement estimates. Daily feed allowance per sow was determined based on the back-fat thickness and body condition score at the second pregnancy check and on day 90 of gestation. Three different statistical models were used to estimate the SID Lys requirement.Results: Total born piglets alive per litter increased linearly and quadratically (p<0.001) as dietary SID Lys increased. For total born piglets alive per litter, the SID Lys requirement estimates ranged from 9.69 to 12.4 g/d for the mid-gestation period (1.19 to 1.52 g/Mcal metabolizable energy; 0.39% to 0.49%) and 14.6 to 17.4 g/d for the late gestation period (1.62 to 1.93 g/Mcal metabolizable energy; 0.52% to 0.62%).Conclusion: The mean values of the SID Lys requirement for the mid-gestation period and the late gestation period are 11.1 and 16.1 g/d (1.36 and 1.79 g/Mcal metabolizable energy; 0.44% and 0.58%), respectively, for maximal total born piglets alive per litter.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimated standardized ileal digestible lysine requirement based on total born piglets alive per litter with four different statistical model1) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) MG, mid-gestation (days 42 to 76); LG, late gestation (days 77 to 103); Req., requirement.2) 95% of the upper asymptotic value for MG and LG, 12.4 and 17.4 g/d.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) concentrations on lactation performance in sows1) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of standardized ileal digestible lysine concentrations on subsequent reproductive performance in sows1) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standardized ileal digestible lysine requirement of pregnant sows under commercial conditions

Jo,

Kim

2023

Anim Biosci

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Bump Feeding Improves Sow Reproductive Performance, Milk Yield, Piglet Birth Weight, and Farrowing Behavior

Ampode,

Mun,

Lagua

et al. 2023

Animals

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The late gestation period is crucial for fetal growth and development, impacting swine enterprises’ profitability. Various nutritional strategies have been explored to enhance reproductive performance in sows, but findings regarding birth weight and litter size have been inconsistent. This study investigated the effects of increased feeding allowance during the late gestation period on the reproductive performance and farrowing behavior of primiparous and multiparous sows. A total of 28 sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were used in this experiment, and fed 2.50 kg/d or 3.50 kg/d from 84 days of gestation until farrowing. Farrowing behavior was monitored using a DeepEyesTM M3SEN camera. The data were analyzed using the 2 × 2 factorial within Statistical Analysis System (SAS, 2011, Version 9.3) software. The results indicated that regardless of the parity number, sows fed a high diet exhibited a numerical increase in the total number of born piglets and a significant increase in milk yield (p = 0.014) and piglet birthweight (p = 0.023). Backfat thickness loss was significantly higher in sows with a 2.50 kg feeding allowance (p = 0.022), and the total number of piglets born, live births, and litter size were numerically higher in sows fed 3.50 kg per day. Moreover, stillborn piglets, mortality rate, and re-estrus days were numerically lower in sows with a high feeding allowance. The diet and parity did not individually affect the average duration of farrowing and farrowing intervals. However, the duration of postural changes in sows after farrowing was significantly reduced (p = 0.012). The principal component analysis revealed 81.40% and 80.70% differences upon partial least-squares discriminant analysis. Therefore, increasing feeding allowance during the late gestation period, regardless of parity, could positively influence sows’ reproductive performance and piglets’ growth performance during the lactation phase.

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Impacts of Maternal Nutrition on Sow Performance and Potential Positive Effects on Piglet Performance

Gormley,

Jang,

Garavito-Duarte

et al. 2024

Animals

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The objectives of this review are to identify the nutritional challenges faced by modern sows and present potential solutions to mitigate excessive maternal tissue loss and reproductive failure as it relates to recent genetic improvements. Current feeding programs have limitations to support the rapid genetic improvements in reproductive performance for modern sows. Since 2012, both litter size at birth and fetal weight have increased by 2.26 pigs per litter and 0.22 kg per piglet, respectively, thereby increasing the nutrient needs for sows during gestation and lactation. Prediction models generated in this review predict that modern sows would need 31% more lysine during gestation when compared with current feeding programs. Physiological challenges facing modern sows are also addressed in this review. High oxidative stress, pelvic organ prolapse, and lameness can directly affect the sow, whereas these physiological challenges can have negative impacts on colostrum and milk quality. In response, there is growing interest in investigating the functional roles of select bioactive compounds as feed additives to mitigate the severity of these challenges. Selenium sources, catechins, and select plant extracts have been utilized to reduce oxidative stress, calcium chloride and phytase have been used to mitigate pelvic organ prolapse and lameness, algae and yeast derivatives have been used to improve colostrum and milk quality, and fiber sources and probiotics have been commonly utilized to improve sow intestinal health. Collectively, this review demonstrates the unique challenges associated with managing the feeding programs for modern sows and the opportunities for revision of the amino acid requirements as well as the use of select bioactive compounds to improve reproductive performance.

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Feeding Reproducing Swine and Neonatal Pigs

Cited by 3 publications

References 103 publications

Standardized ileal digestible lysine requirement of pregnant sows under commercial conditions

Standardized ileal digestible lysine requirement of pregnant sows under commercial conditions

Bump Feeding Improves Sow Reproductive Performance, Milk Yield, Piglet Birth Weight, and Farrowing Behavior

Impacts of Maternal Nutrition on Sow Performance and Potential Positive Effects on Piglet Performance

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