Feeding patterns in pigs: The effects of amino acid deficiency

Montgomery, Grant W.; Flux, D. S.; Carr, James R.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(78)90294-9

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These results supported the hypothesis according to which feed intake can be regulated by a satiety mechanism rather than by a hunger mechanism for most of the sows [36]. Montgomery et al [18] did not report a significant correlation between meal size and pre-and post-meal intervals in growing pigs. A significant positive correlation between meal size and post-meal interval was reported by Auffray and Marcilloux [1] in 50% of their pigs and by de Castro [8] in rats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Effects of high ambient temperature and dietary protein level on feeding behavior of multiparous lactating sows

et al. 2002

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-Thirty-three multiparous Large White sows were used to determine the effect of high ambient temperature and level of dietary heat increment on their feeding behavior during lactation. Ambient temperature was maintained constant at 20 or 29 o C over 28-d lactation. The experimental diets fed during lactation were a control diet (NP; 17.6% crude protein) and two low protein diets obtained by the reduction of the CP level (LP, 14.6% CP) or both the reduction of CP and addition of 4% fat (LPF, 15.2% CP). The sows were given feed ad libitum between the 7th and the 27th day of lactation. Feeding behavior parameters were not influenced by diet composition. Between d 7 and d 27, daily feed intake decreased at 29 o C (P < 0.001; 4149 vs. 7444 g·d -1 at 20 o C); this was achieved by a concomitant reduction in meal frequency (P < 0.001; 6.5 vs. 9.4 meals·d -1 ) and in meal size (P < 0.10; 687 vs. 834 g per meal). The ingestion rate was not influenced by temperature (126 g·min -1 on average), and consequently the reduction of daily feed intake resulted in a decreased ingestion and consumption time (-25 and 28 min·d -1 , respectively). The proportion of small meals (i.e., < 250 g) was higher whereas that of medium sized meals (i.e., 250-1000 g) was lower at 29 o C. Diurnal feed and water intakes represented 84% and 79% of total consumption, respectively. Two peaks in feed were observed, the first one between 07.00 and 13.00 at both temperatures and the second one that was shorter at 29 o C (17.00 to 23.00 vs. 14.00 to 23.00 at 20 o C). Standing activity averaged 127 min·d -1 with no significant difference between temperatures. About 70% of standing time was dedicated to feed and water consumption. As determined by the calculation of correlation coefficients between post-or pre-prandial interval and meal size, this latter seems to be partly regulated by satiety mechanisms in most sows (67%). Anim. Res. 51 (2002) 227-243  INRA, EDP Sciences, 2002 DOI: 10.1051/animres:2002020Résumé -Effets des températures ambiantes élevées et du taux de protéines dans l'aliment sur le comportement alimentaire des truies multipares en lactation. Trente-trois truies multipares Large White × Landrace ont été utilisées pour déterminer l'effet d'une élévation de la température ambiante et du niveau d'extra chaleur alimentaire sur leur comportement alimentaire au cours de la lactation. La température ambiante est maintenue constante à 20 ou 29 o C au cours des 28 jours de lactation. Trois régimes expérimentaux ont été utilisés au cours de la lactation : un régime témoin (NP ; 17,6 % de matières azotées totales, MAT) et deux régimes à faible teneur en protéines (LP ; 14,6 % MAT) ou avec une réduction de la teneur en protéines et un ajout de matières grasses (LPF, 15,2 % MAT). L'aliment est distribué à volonté du 7 e au 27 e jour de lactation. Les paramètres du comportement alimentaire ne sont pas influencés par la composition des régimes. Entre le 7 e et le 27 e jour de lactation, la diminution de la consommation d'aliment à 29 o C (P < 0,...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Effects of high ambient temperature and dietary protein level on feeding behavior of multiparous lactating sows

et al. 2002

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“…First, unusual difficulties were encountered in its analytical determination (Sato et al, 1984). Then, on the basis of the observation that TRP deficiency was drastically affecting the appetite in pigs (Henry and Pastuszewska, 1976;Montgomery, Flux, and Carr, 1978), research has focused on its metabolic specificity and on its physiological role in this species. In the present paper, we will focus on two aspects of physiology in which TRP is potentially involved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Roles of Tryptophan in Pig Nutrition

Sève¹

1999

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Tryptophan (TRP) is shown to play original roles in the physiology of pigs. Dietary TRP deficiency induces depression of the appetite leading to reduced growth performance. Brain hydroxy-indoles, including the neurotransmitter serotonin, are closely related to dietary TRP supply. Excess protein, namely large neutral amino acids (LNAA) enhanced the appetite depression, providing some support to a role for plasma TRP:LNAA in the regulation of protein intake through serotonin. Other implications of TRP, as a precursor for serotonin, in the susceptibility of pigs to stress and in their consequences on meat quality were reported. Furthermore, we concluded to a role for TRP in the insulin response to the meal and in tissue sensitivity to insulin. Implications in pig feeding practice are briefly reviewed.

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“…Both Hyun et al (1997) and Young and Lawrence (1994) identified a single feeding peak per day in pigs fed ad libitum at~0900 h. Other researchers have identified two feeding peaks per day, one in the morning and one in the afternoon (Montgomery et al, 1978;Bigelow and Houpt, 1988;De Haer and Merks, 1992). Differences in the number of feeding peaks have been attributed to the photoperiod that pigs are exposed to (Feddes et al, 1989) and the temperature in the fattening unit (Villagrá et al, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Analyses of body weight patterns in growing pigs: a new view on body weight in pigs for frequent monitoring

Stygar

Dolecheck

Kristensen

2018

Animal

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Frequent BW monitoring of growing pigs can be useful for identifying production (e.g. feeding), health and welfare problems. However, in order to construct a tool which will properly recognize abnormalities in pigs' growth a precise description of the growth process should be used. In this study we proposed a new model of pig growth accounting for daily fluctuations in BW. Body weight measurements of 1710 pigs (865 gilts and 843 barrows) originating from five consecutive batches from a Danish commercial farm were collected. Pigs were inserted into a large pen (maximum capacity = 400) between November 2014 and September 2015. On average, each pig was observed for 42 days and weighed 3.6 times a day when passing from the resting to feeding area. Altogether, 243,160 BW measurements were recorded. A multilevel model of pig growth was constructed and fitted to available data. The BW of pigs was modeled as a quadratic function of time. A diurnal pattern was incorporated into the model by a cosine wave with known length (24 h). The model included pig effect which was defined as a random autoregressive process with exponential correlation. Variance of within-pigs error was assumed to increase with time. Because only five batches were observed, it was not possible to obtain the random effect for batch. However, in order to account for the batch effect the model included interactions between batch and fixed parameters: intercept, time, square value of time and cosine wave. The gender effect was not significant and was removed from the final model. For all batches, morning and afternoon peaks in the frequency of visits to the feeding area could be distinguished. According to results, pigs were lighter in the morning and heavier in the evening (minimum BW was reached around 1000 h and maximum around 2200 h). However, the exact time of obtaining maximum and minimum BW during the day differed between batches. Pigs had access to natural light and, therefore, existing differences could be explained by varying daylight level during observations periods. Because the diurnal amplitude for pig growth varied between batches from 0.9 to 1.4 kg, BW monitoring tools based on frequent measurements should account for diurnal variation in BW of pigs. This proposed description of growth will be built into a monitoring tool (a dynamic linear model) and applied to farm data in future studies.

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Feeding patterns in pigs: The effects of amino acid deficiency

Cited by 43 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of high ambient temperature and dietary protein level on feeding behavior of multiparous lactating sows

Effects of high ambient temperature and dietary protein level on feeding behavior of multiparous lactating sows

Physiological Roles of Tryptophan in Pig Nutrition

Analyses of body weight patterns in growing pigs: a new view on body weight in pigs for frequent monitoring

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