Feeding infants and toddlers study: what foods are infants and toddlers eating?

Fox, Mary Kay; Pac, Susan; Devaney, Barbara; Jankowski, Linda

doi:10.1016/j.jada.2003.10.026

Cited by 276 publications

(238 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Despite such benefits, recent surveys alarmingly revealed that the intakes of fruits and vegetables are quite low in US pediatric populations [28,36]. Three out of ten toddlers do not consume even a single fruit and one in four a single vegetable in a given day; none of the top five vegetables was a dark green vegetable [28,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three out of ten toddlers do not consume even a single fruit and one in four a single vegetable in a given day; none of the top five vegetables was a dark green vegetable [28,36]. Instead, toddlers were more likely to be eating fatty foods such as French fries and sweet-tasting snacks and beverages, flavors that are innately preferred by children [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variety is the spice of life: Strategies for promoting fruit and vegetable acceptance during infancy

Mennella

Nicklaus

Jagolino

et al. 2008

Physiology & Behavior

219

138

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The present manuscript describes two experimental studies that were conducted to explore the effects of an 8-day exposure to a particular food or a variety of foods between and/or within meals on fruit and vegetable acceptance in 74 infants. Whether the dietary experience modified acceptance depended on the flavors of foods experienced, whether the experience occurred between or within meals or both, and whether the target food was a fruit or vegetable. In the first study, we found that 8 days of dietary exposure to pears or a variety of fruits between meals (not including pears) resulted in greater consumption of pears by the infants but this increased acceptance did not generalize to green beans. In the second study, we found that 8 days of vegetable variety both between and within meals led to increased acceptance of green beans, carrots and spinach. Those infants who experienced green beans alone or a variety of vegetables between meals also tended to eat more green beans after the exposure. These findings suggest that not only can infants clearly discriminate flavors but repeated opportunities to taste a particular or a varietyof foods may promote willingness to eat fruits and vegetables, the consumption of which is generally low in the pediatric population and the acceptance of which is difficult to enhance beyond toddlerhood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variety is the spice of life: Strategies for promoting fruit and vegetable acceptance during infancy

Mennella

Nicklaus

Jagolino

et al. 2008

Physiology & Behavior

219

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In another large UK dietary study of young children using a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), 51% of 18-month-olds were given sweetened drinks and 51% consumed chocolate and other confectionery at least once per week 28,35 . In a recent US study, 36% of children aged 15 -18 months consumed sweetened beverages, 60% consumed cakes, pies, cookies and pastries, and 20% consumed fried potatoes on the day prior to the survey 30 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large UK survey 24 found that 56% of infants aged 8 months had consumed sweetened drink in the previous 24 h, while a US survey 30 found that 27% had consumed cakes, pies, cookies and pastries in the previous 24 h. The percentages of infants and children consuming sweets and snack foods increased steadily and substantially as age increased from 6 to 24 months. Hoffmans et al 20 showed that the contribution to energy from sweets and snacks tracked between 4, 16 and 28 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of ‘extra’ foods (energy-dense, nutrient-poor) among children aged 16–24 months from western Sydney, Australia

Webb

Lahti-Koski

Rutishauser

et al. 2006

PHN

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Objective: This study evaluates the contribution of energy-dense, nutrient-poor 'extra' foods to the diets of 16-24-month-old children from western Sydney, Australia. Design: An analysis of cross-sectional data collected on participants in the Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (CAPS), a randomised trial investigating the primary prevention of asthma from birth to 5 years. We collected 3-day weighed food records, calculated nutrient intakes, classified recorded foods into major food groups, and further classified foods as either 'core' or 'extras' according to the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating. Setting: Pregnant women, whose unborn child was at risk of developing asthma because of a family history, were recruited from all six hospitals in western Sydney, Australia. Data for this study were collected in clinic visits and at participants' homes at the 18-month assessment. Participants: Four hundred and twenty-nine children participating in the CAPS study; 80% of the total cohort. Results: The mean consumption of 'extra' foods was , 150 g day 21 and contributed 25 -30% of the total energy, fat, carbohydrate and sodium to the diets of the study children. 'Extra' foods also contributed around 20% of fibre, 10% of protein and zinc, and about 5% of calcium. Children in the highest quintile of 'extra' foods intake had a slightly higher but not significantly different intake of energy from those in the lowest quintile. However, significant differences were evident for the percentage of energy provided by carbohydrate and sugars (higher) and protein and saturated fat (lower). The intake of most micronutrients was also significantly lower among children in the highest quintile of consumption. The intake of 'extra' foods was inversely associated with the intake of core foods. Conclusions: The high percentage of energy contributed by 'extra' foods and their negative association with nutrient density emphasise the need for dietary guidance for parents of children aged 1-2 years. These preliminary data on commonly consumed 'extra' foods and portion sizes may inform age-specific dietary assessment methods. KeywordsChildren Diet Nutrition Non-core foods Beverages Snacking Childhood obesityThe consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods by very young children is of public health concern 1 -3 . Information about the contribution of these foods to energy intake is needed, both in view of the rising prevalence of obesity and diet-related diseases among children and adults and because poor eating habits formed in early childhood may persist into later childhood and adulthood 4 -8 . If 'extra' foods displace those that are more nutrient-dense, the risk of low or marginal intakes of micronutrients increases 9,10 .Research, surveillance and policy development regarding consumption of energy-dense nutrient-poor foods, among children and adults, has been limited by the lack of clear and accepted terminology and taxonomy to identify and classify these foods.The first problem concerns what to call these foods. The terms 'u...

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“…However, children's diets should be high in nutrient density but of moderate energy density, including a variety of foods that are not high in sugar or energy, such as vegetables. In the current environment, the availability of inexpensive palatable foods high in sugar, salt and fat can limit children's opportunities to learn to like and accept healthy foods, resulting in diets high in added sugar, fat and salt, and low in fruits and vegetables, complex carbohydrates and low-fat meat and dairy products, 9 dietary patterns that are linked to obesity risk. Vegetables are initially rejected by young children; early experience with these foods could potentially offset such neophobia and encourage childhood diets that are healthier and lower in energy density.…”

Section: Parental Influence On Eating and Weight Status In Early Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Parental influence on children's early eating environments and obesity risk: implications for prevention

2010

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Most childhood obesity prevention efforts have focused on school-age children and adolescents and have had limited success. We argue that the first years of life, including the prenatal period, the postnatal suckling period and the transition to the modified adult diet, may provide opportunities for preventive interventions. These early periods are characterized by high plasticity and rapid transitions, and parents have a high degree of control over children's environments and experiences. Observational and experimental evidence reveal persistent effects of early environments on eating behavior and obesity risk, suggesting that interventions should be tested during these early periods. The central task parents have in early development points to their potential as key targets and agents of change in early preventive interventions. In this paper, we review evidence of early environmental effects on children's eating and obesity risk, highlighting ways that parental feeding practices and parents' own behaviors impact these outcomes and calling for further experimental research to elucidate whether these factors are indeed promising targets for childhood obesity preventive interventions.

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Feeding infants and toddlers study: what foods are infants and toddlers eating?

Cited by 276 publications

References 20 publications

Variety is the spice of life: Strategies for promoting fruit and vegetable acceptance during infancy

Variety is the spice of life: Strategies for promoting fruit and vegetable acceptance during infancy

Consumption of ‘extra’ foods (energy-dense, nutrient-poor) among children aged 16–24 months from western Sydney, Australia

Parental influence on children's early eating environments and obesity risk: implications for prevention

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