FEEDING HABITS OF THE SAND SHRIMP<i>CRANGON SEPTEMSPINOSA</i>

Wilcox, J. Ross; Jeffries, H. Perry

doi:10.2307/1540416

Cited by 66 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although comparisons of prey contribution should be made cautiously due to diversity of quantification methods used, the observed trend could be partly explained by scavenging behaviour on large organisms, previously not recorded in crangonid shrimps. Crangonid shrimps generally macerate and eat the soft body parts of larger preys (Asahida et al., ; Gibson, Yin, & Robb, ; Seikai, Kinoshita, & Tanaka, ; Wilcox & Jeffries, ). Smaller food items, on the other hand, are often ingested as a whole, including their hard body parts (Tiews, ), and are thus more easily identified by morphological methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA metabarcoding unveils multiscale trophic variation in a widespread coastal opportunist

et al. 2018

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A thorough understanding of ecological networks relies on comprehensive information on trophic relationships among species. Since unpicking the diet of many organisms is unattainable using traditional morphology‐based approaches, the application of high‐throughput sequencing methods represents a rapid and powerful way forward. Here, we assessed the application of DNA metabarcoding with nearly universal primers for the mitochondrial marker cytochrome c oxidase I in defining the trophic ecology of adult brown shrimp, Crangon crangon, in six European estuaries. The exact trophic role of this abundant and widespread coastal benthic species is somewhat controversial, while information on geographical variation remains scant. Results revealed a highly opportunistic behaviour. Shrimp stomach contents contained hundreds of taxa (>1,000 molecular operational taxonomic units), of which 291 were identified as distinct species, belonging to 35 phyla. Only twenty ascertained species had a mean relative abundance of more than 0.5%. Predominant species included other abundant coastal and estuarine taxa, including the shore crab Carcinus maenas and the amphipod Corophium volutator. Jacobs’ selectivity index estimates based on DNA extracted from both shrimp stomachs and sediment samples were used to assess the shrimp's trophic niche indicating a generalist diet, dominated by crustaceans, polychaetes and fish. Spatial variation in diet composition, at regional and local scales, confirmed the highly flexible nature of this trophic opportunist. Furthermore, the detection of a prevalent, possibly endoparasitic fungus (Purpureocillium lilacinum) in the shrimp's stomach demonstrates the wide range of questions that can be addressed using metabarcoding, towards a more robust reconstruction of ecological networks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA metabarcoding unveils multiscale trophic variation in a widespread coastal opportunist

et al. 2018

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“…Sand shrimp were sampled from stations of low peat (1, 8) and high peat (4) on 17 July 1997 to determine if shrimp ingest peat when present in the substrate. Sampling was conducted as early as possible in the morning, 05.00–07.00 hours, to obtain animals with full stomachs following the normal nocturnal feeding period (Haefner, 1979) and before gastric evacuation which takes 6–12 h at 20° C, the average temperature recorded during our survey (Wilcox and Jeffries, 1974). Shrimp were immediately preserved in a solution of 10% formalin and transported to the laboratory where they were dissected to extract stomach contents, which were placed on slides and examined under a microscope at a magnification of 40×.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of peat moss released by a commercial harvesting operation into an estuarine environment on the sand shrimp Crangon septemspinosa

et al. 2006

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Summary Current methods used in harvesting peat in eastern Canada have raised concerns regarding potential impacts of escaped peat particles on aquatic ecosystems. A study was carried out in Mill Creek, an estuarine tributary of the Richibucto River in New Brunswick, where peat originating from a commercial operation has accumulated over several years. The sand shrimp Crangon septemspinosa Say (1818) was selected to determine potential environmental stress related to presence of peat in the sediment because of its close association with the substrate. Despite the introduction of sedimentation ponds at the harvesting site in 1994, peat particles continued to enter and accumulate in Mill Creek between 1997 and 1999. Increases in peat depth ranged from 6 to 31 cm and the volume of surficial (0–15 cm) sediments containing peat increased from 35% in 1997 to 44% in 1998 and 76% in 1999. Beach seine surveys carried out during July to September of 1996–1998 indicated that fewer sand shrimp occurred over substrates having higher (>66%) peat concentration than over sand or mud with lower (<33%) peat concentration. Length of sand shrimp did not vary consistently with peat concentration but sand shrimp caught over substrates containing medium (34–65%) peat concentration displayed lower condition [wet weight at total length (TL)] than conspecifics from substrates of both higher and lower peat concentration in all surveys. In a separate survey, peat was found in the stomachs of sand shrimp caught over substrates composed of high but not low peat concentration. We conclude that present mitigation measures at this site have been ineffective in preventing escape of peat moss into the estuarine environment and that the resulting peat deposition has reduced habitat quality for estuarine macrofauna as reflected in a reduction of the number and condition of sand shrimp.

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“…Time costs, however, are often based entirely on preconsumptive components of the preda- Neomysis are also highly active prey, spending much of their time in the water column (Herman 1963). Crangon are larger (adults ?70 mm TL), nocturnally active, epibenthic prey which burrow into the substratum during daylight hours (Price 1962, Wilcox andJeffries 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Predation by Juvenile Weakfish: Post-Consumptive Constraints on Energy Maximization and Growth

Lankford¹,

Targett²

1997

Ecology

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Ecological Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Ecology.Abstract. Juvenile weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) prey heavily on mysids (Neomysis americana) and sevenspine bay shrimp (Crangon septemspinosa) during estuarine residency. Previous researchers have suggested that Neomysis are superior prey because the growth rate and condition factor of juvenile weakfish in Delaware Bay are positively associated with the proportion of Neomysis in the diet. Laboratory experiments were conducted to (1) examine prey preferences of juvenile weakfish foraging on Neomysis and Crangon; (2) determine whether selective predation leads to short-and long-term energy maximization; and (3) identify pre-and postconsumptive factors that influence relative prey profitability and potentially constrain weakfish foraging success and growth.Weakfish preyed selectively on Neomysis over a range of relative prey abundances, including trials where available Crangon biomass was ;"20 times greater than Neomysis biomass. Preconsumptive cost: benefit analyses based on prey energy content (E), prey biomass (M), and predator handling times (Ht) failed to predict prey selection by juvenile weakfish. These analyses indicated that fish should select Crangon over Neomysis to maximize gross E/Ht and MIHt. The inadequacy of E/H, and MIHt as measures of prey profitability was revealed through consideration of postconsumptive processes. In particular, Neomysis were digested and evacuated from the stomach 1.8 times faster than Crangon. The hypothesis that differential prey digestibility influenced prey profitability was tested by comparing long-term energy intake rate and growth rate of weakfish foraging ad libitum on Neomysis vs. Crangon. Mean daily energy intake and growth rate were significantly higher for fish foraging on Neomysis, providing evidence that selective predation on Neomysis functioned as a rate-maximizing strategy. Differences in long-term energy intake were similar in magnitude to differences in gastric evacuation rate, indicating that the higher preconsumptive value of Crangon (measured as E/Ht and MIHI) was nullified by a slower rate of digestion. Our findings demonstrate that currencies used to test optimal diet predictions of prey choice in fishes must incorporate postconsumptive processes that potentially constrain long-term energy intake rate and growth. Ecology, Vol. 78, No. 4 tory sequence (e.g., search, pursuit, capture, handling), and may not account for postconsumptive processes (e.g., digestion, gastric evacuation, assimilation), which potentially influence energy intake rate. Werner (1974), for example, operationally defined prey profitability as th...

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FEEDING HABITS OF THE SAND SHRIMPCRANGON SEPTEMSPINOSA

Cited by 66 publications

References 21 publications

DNA metabarcoding unveils multiscale trophic variation in a widespread coastal opportunist

DNA metabarcoding unveils multiscale trophic variation in a widespread coastal opportunist

Impact of peat moss released by a commercial harvesting operation into an estuarine environment on the sand shrimp Crangon septemspinosa

Selective Predation by Juvenile Weakfish: Post-Consumptive Constraints on Energy Maximization and Growth

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