Abstract:The feeding habits of the Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus were studied by analyzing the stomach contents of 423 specimens caught by coastal gill net in the coastal waters off Jumunjin, Gangwondo, Korea, from January to December, 2011. The size of Pacific cod ranged from 31.0 to 86.5cm in total length (TL). The proportion of empty stomachs was 25.1%. The main prey items were Macrura, Pisces, and Cephalopoda. In order of abundance, the most dominant species of Macrura, were Pandalus eous, Argis lar, and Neocrang… Show more
“…These results suggest that G. microcephalus is an intermediate predator with both pelagic and benthic diets. Yoon et al (2012) found that smaller individuals of G. macrocephalus (30-55 cm in total length) feed mainly on macruran crustaceans, while fish were the main diet of larger individuals (over 56 cm) with a relatively high TL. By contrast, A. japonicus individuals were found only in November and had lower δ 13 C and δ 15 N values (− 20.1 ± 0.5 and 11.2 ± 0.5‰, respectively), which suggests that their main prey items might be zooplankton and pelagic prey with lower isotopic values.…”
Section: Characteristics In the Food Web Structure Of Fish Consumersmentioning
The aim of this study was to assess the temporal variability in the trophic structure of a fish community and the trophic levels of dominant fish species off the eastern coast of Korea. We analyzed the community composition and the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) for fish species in Hupo coastal waters over four seasons. Fish assemblages were mainly dominated by resident benthic and benthopelagic fish. In contrast, there were low numbers of pelagic fish, including migrating and occasional species, which varied significantly by season. The fish assemblages generally had relatively wide ranges of δ 13 C and δ 15 N (− 21.1 to − 16.3‰ and 10.0 to 14.2‰, respectively), reflecting a clear distinction between resident (mostly benthic or benthopelagic) vs migratory (mostly pelagic) fish. Resident species showed no seasonal differences in their isotopic signatures, whereas pelagic species showed temporal variability in δ 13 C and δ 15 N values. The isotopic niche of fish assemblages showed distinctly different patterns between spring-summer and winter-fall with the seasonal changes in the fish community. These patterns might be associated with seasonal variation in the fish community caused by seasonal changes in environmental conditions (e.g., hydrographic parameters and food availability). Our results can offer baseline information/trophic data for ecosystem models that can be used to evaluate the effects of climate on marine ecosystems.
“…These results suggest that G. microcephalus is an intermediate predator with both pelagic and benthic diets. Yoon et al (2012) found that smaller individuals of G. macrocephalus (30-55 cm in total length) feed mainly on macruran crustaceans, while fish were the main diet of larger individuals (over 56 cm) with a relatively high TL. By contrast, A. japonicus individuals were found only in November and had lower δ 13 C and δ 15 N values (− 20.1 ± 0.5 and 11.2 ± 0.5‰, respectively), which suggests that their main prey items might be zooplankton and pelagic prey with lower isotopic values.…”
Section: Characteristics In the Food Web Structure Of Fish Consumersmentioning
The aim of this study was to assess the temporal variability in the trophic structure of a fish community and the trophic levels of dominant fish species off the eastern coast of Korea. We analyzed the community composition and the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) for fish species in Hupo coastal waters over four seasons. Fish assemblages were mainly dominated by resident benthic and benthopelagic fish. In contrast, there were low numbers of pelagic fish, including migrating and occasional species, which varied significantly by season. The fish assemblages generally had relatively wide ranges of δ 13 C and δ 15 N (− 21.1 to − 16.3‰ and 10.0 to 14.2‰, respectively), reflecting a clear distinction between resident (mostly benthic or benthopelagic) vs migratory (mostly pelagic) fish. Resident species showed no seasonal differences in their isotopic signatures, whereas pelagic species showed temporal variability in δ 13 C and δ 15 N values. The isotopic niche of fish assemblages showed distinctly different patterns between spring-summer and winter-fall with the seasonal changes in the fish community. These patterns might be associated with seasonal variation in the fish community caused by seasonal changes in environmental conditions (e.g., hydrographic parameters and food availability). Our results can offer baseline information/trophic data for ecosystem models that can be used to evaluate the effects of climate on marine ecosystems.
“…(Cha and Jung, 2012). (Seo et al, 2007;Lee et al, 2005;Cha et al, 2007), (Kim et al, 2013), (Choi and Gwak, 2011) , Park and Gwak (2009), , Yoon et al (2012), Baeck et al (2007, Seo et al (2010), Gwak and Nakayama (2011) , .…”
We investigated regional differences in the growth and maturation rate of Pacific cod in the East and Yellow Seas. Significant regional differences were detected in the von Bertalanffy growth equation and mean length at maturity (L 50 ). Cod in the East Sea grew at a faster rate than those in the Yellow Sea, with females growing faster than males in both populations. Cod of both sexes matured earlier in the Yellow Sea (age of maturity: 2.3 years for males, 2.6 years for females) than in the East Sea (age of maturity: 3.9 years for males, 4 years for females). These regional differences suggest that Pacific cod in the Yellow Sea, which is at the southwestern extremity of global cod distribution and thus likely to be an inhospitable habitat for this species, have adapted to their environment by developing earlier maturation and slower growth than cod in the East Sea or the Korea Strait. These regional differences must be taken into account when setting biological reference points for management of the Pacific cod fishery in Korean waters.
“…(Park, 2005;Park et al, 2007) . (Huh and Kwak, 1998a), (Baeck et al, 2007), , , (Huh et al, 2006;Yoon et al, 2008;Huh et al, 2011) , , , (Choi et al, 2009), (Lee et al, 2007), (Yoon et al, 2012) . , , .…”
The feeding habits of the black-edged sculpin Gymnocanthus herzensteini were studied using 944 specimens collected from February 2011 to January 2012 in the coastal waters off Mukho, Gangwondo, Korea. The G. herzensteini ranged from 11.8 to 36.3 cm in total length (TL). The percentage of empty stomachs in G. herzensteini was 40.2%, and the main prey items were Pisces, Euphausiasea, and Macrura. The smallest size group (11.8-15.0 cm TL) consumed mainly Polychaeta and Amphipoda. The quantity of prey increased in proportion to sculpin size. The composition of prey items and feeding habits of G. herzensteini exhibited seasonal fluctuations, that is, the main prey items during spring were Euphausiasea, whereas those during other seasons were Pisces.
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