Feeding Habits and Prey Consumption of Antarctic Minke Whale (<i>Balaenoptera bonaerensis</i>) in the Southern Ocean

Tamura, Tsutomu; Konishi, Kenji

doi:10.2960/j.v42.m652

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The density of Antarctic krill had a greater influence than the density of ice krill. The proportion of occurrence of Antarctic krill in the diet of Antarctic minke whales was high, in contrast to ice krill (Tamura and Konishi, ). The ranking between densities of Antarctic and ice krill as the covariates could simply indicate their importance in the diet of Antarctic minke whales.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In contrast, the encounter rate of Antarctic minke whales in the Ross Sea was higher than in other Antarctic waters (Kasamatsu et al ., ). Antarctic minke whales feed mainly on ice krill ( Euphausia crystallorophias ) on the continental shelf of the Ross Sea and on Antarctic krill ( E. superba ) in the waters north of the continental shelf (Ichii et al ., ; Tamura and Konishi, ). These studies were conducted in the austral summer from 1987 to 2005 but the pattern remained consistent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies were conducted in the austral summer from 1987 to 2005 but the pattern remained consistent. Although Antarctic minke whales also feed on Antarctic silverfish ( Pleuragramma antarcticum ) on the continental shelf (Ichii et al ., ), the proportion of these fish in their diet was low in comparison with krill in the Ross Sea and the adjacent sea as a whole (Tamura and Konishi, ). Although these studies qualitatively demonstrated the relationship between spatial distributions of Antarctic minke whales and their prey around the Ross Sea, the quantitative relationship has not been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial distribution of Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) in relation to spatial distributions of krill in the Ross Sea, Antarctica

Murase

Kitakado

Hakamada³

et al. 2013

Fisheries Oceanography

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The spatial distribution of Antarctic minke whales in the Ross Sea with relation to spatial distributions of their prey – krill – was investigated in this study using generalized additive models (GAMs). Spatial distributions of two species of krill (ice and Antarctic krill) were estimated by GAMs. Three abiotic factors – distance from the continental shelf break (800 m isobaths), the mean temperature and salinity from the surface to 200 m (MTEM‐200 and MSAL‐200), and latitude and longitude – were used as covariates for models of krill. Estimated spatial distributions of krill were then used with other covariates to model the spatial distribution of Antarctic minke whales. In the selected model of Antarctic minke whales, Antarctic krill were more influential than ice krill. The number of Antarctic minke whales increased as the density of Antarctic krill increased to around 1.5 g m−2. Beyond that, the number of Antarctic minke whales decreased as the density of Antarctic krill increased. High densities of the Antarctic minke whales were estimated along the sea ice edge in the eastern part of the Ross Sea. Specifically, the densities were high in the north of the continental shelf break where low MTEM‐200 and MSAL‐200 and intermediate densities of Antarctic krill were observed. Further data collection is needed to investigate interannual variations and trends in their relationship. The results show that the spatial distribution of Antarctic minke whales is a function of longitude, distance from the shelf break, oceanographic condition (temperature and salinity), and densities of ice and Antarctic krill.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial distribution of Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) in relation to spatial distributions of krill in the Ross Sea, Antarctica

Murase

Kitakado

Hakamada³

et al. 2013

Fisheries Oceanography

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“…They predominantly feed upon two krill species, E. superba and E. crystallorophias with the latter dominating the diet of whales in shallow areas. There is evidence of whales consuming amphipods and fish, however, these species only make up less than one percent of the diet of B. bonaerensis (Tamura and Konishi, 1998).…”

Section: Megafaunamentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of a trophically complex near-shore Antarctic food web model using the Conservative Normal framework with structural coexistence

Bates

Nash

Hawker

et al. 2015

Journal of Marine Systems

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“…For minke whales we calculated consumption by scaling up estimates of consumption derived for minke whales in the Ross Sea, Areas III and VI (Tamura & Konishi 2006 and Areas IV and V (Tamura et al 1997). For southern right whales, some estimates of total krill consumed in the Southern…”

Section: Prey Dynamics (Krill and Copepods)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing direct and indirect threats to marine ecosystems to balance multiple objectives

Tulloch¹

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Human activities affecting the environment are intensifying. In marine ecosystems, direct stressors of overfishing and habitat destruction have led to biodiversity declines, prompting calls for conservation action and more sustainable resource management. Managing stressors becomes more challenging when stressors interact, or are indirect, whereby the source of the threatening activity is displaced from impacts, such as the localised effects of global warming, or runoff from land-use change degrading coral reefs. Effective management requires improved understanding of ecosystem responses to multiple stressors and consideration of interactions between stressors and species.Opposing objectives and outcomes of marine conservation (i.e. reducing stressors) versus resource management (often increasing stressors) compromise effective decision-making. Approaches are needed that include ecological and socio-economic information to promote long-term sustainability of extractive uses, protect functioning ecosystems, and conserve biodiversity. The choice of tool used to inform ecosystem management is typically constrained by management goals and available resources -spatial planning is typically used for conservation, whereas resource management relies more on population modelling.The goal of this thesis is to harness spatial and population modelling techniques to combine resource management with biodiversity conservation and link direct and indirect stressors to marine biodiversity persistence. Chapter 1 provides the context for the thesis, where I explore these themes and outline differences in decision-making for conservation versus extraction. In Chapter 2, I explore how agencies have managed stressors to date, and show that a decision-theoretic approach known as "structured decision-making" (SDM) is a more logical and effective way of managing stressors than traditional approaches that map threats. SDM requires clear objectives, canvassing of alternative management options, and linking outcomes for biodiversity to the effectiveness of each management option. SDM ensures that conservation actions occur where they are the most cost-efficient or effective. I apply recommendations from Chapter 2 in two case studies for managing multiple stressors to marine ecosystems: 1) spatial planning for oil palm agriculture and coral reef fisheries in Papua New Guinea (Chapters 3 and 4), and 2) managing whale species affected by harvesting, climate change and krill population dynamics in the Southern Hemisphere (Chapters 5 and 6).In Chapter 3 I combine ecosystem models and threat maps with spatial conservation planning to predict responses of coral and seagrass ecosystems to changing land uses. My novel framework identifies high priority areas for marine reserves whilst accounting for indirect impacts of land use change such as oil palm development and uncertainty in future stressor intensities. I demonstrate ii how we can reduce adverse impacts of oil palm expansion and make more effective whole-ofsystem decisions for coasta...

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Feeding Habits and Prey Consumption of Antarctic Minke Whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) in the Southern Ocean

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Spatial distribution of Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) in relation to spatial distributions of krill in the Ross Sea, Antarctica

Spatial distribution of Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) in relation to spatial distributions of krill in the Ross Sea, Antarctica

Construction of a trophically complex near-shore Antarctic food web model using the Conservative Normal framework with structural coexistence

Managing direct and indirect threats to marine ecosystems to balance multiple objectives

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